Editing Quadi (section)

==First century AD==
[[File:REX QUADIS DATUS.jpg|thumb|A sesterce of [[Antoninus Pius]], 143 AD which says REX QUADIS DATUS (King given to Quadi)]]
In ''[[The Annals]]'', Tacitus recounts that Maroboduus was deposed by an exiled noble named [[Catualda]] around 18 AD. Catualda was in turn defeated by the [[Hermunduri]] king, [[Vibilius]].The subjects of Maroboduus and Catualda were moved by the Romans to an area near the Danube, between the [[Morava (river)|Morava]] and "Cusus" rivers, and placed under the control of the Quadian king [[Vannius]]. There are proposals that the Romans were deliberately trying to create a buffer state with this settlement, but there is no consensus about this.{{sfn|Hofeneder|2003|p=628}} The area where Vannius ruled over the Marcomanni exiles is generally considered to have been a distinct state to the Quadi kingdom itself. Unfortunately the Cusus river has not been identified with certainty. However, Slovak archaeological research locates the core area of the Vannius kingdom in the fertile southwestern Slovakian lowlands around [[Trnava]], east of the [[Little Carpathians]].{{sfn|Hofeneder|2003|p=629}} The swampy zone between the Little Carpathians and Danube provided an obstacle for possible attacks from non-Roman Pannonia.{{sfn|Kolník|2003|p=632}} 

Geographically, [[Pliny the Elder]] saw the Quadi area as the edge of [[Germania]], with the Iazyges sitting outside of it, and the kingdom of Vannius within it.<ref>{{harvtxt|Hofeneder|2003|p=628}} citing Pliny, ''Natural History'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=4:chapter=25&highlight=quadi 4.25]</ref>{{sfn|Kolník|2003|p=632}} In line with this, Ptolemy (2.11.11) mentions a "great nation" of Baimoi (Βαῖμοι) between the Quadi and the Danube, and these are likely to be the subjects of Vannius who originated from Bohemia.{{sfn|Hofeneder|2003|p=630}}

Vannius personally benefitted from the new situation and became very wealthy and unpopular. He was himself eventually also deposed by Vibilius and the Hermunduri, together with the neighbouring [[Lugii]], in 50/51 AD. Vannius's soldiers during this conflict are described here as infantry, but he also called for cavalry from his [[Sarmatian]] allies, the [[Iazyges]]. This was coordinated with his nephews [[Vangio and Sido]], who then divided his realm between themselves as loyal Roman client kings.<ref>{{harvtxt|Hofeneder|2003|pp=628-629}} citing Tacitus, ''The Annals'' [[wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 2#63|2.63]], [[wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 12#29|12.29]], [[wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 12#30|12.30]].</ref> Vannius was defeated and fled with his followers across the Danube, where they were assigned land in Roman [[Pannonia]]. This settlement is convincingly associated with Germanic finds from the 1st century AD in [[Burgenland]], west of [[Lake Neusiedl]], within Roman Pannonia.<ref>{{harvtxt|Hofeneder|2003|p=629}}, {{harvtxt|Kolník|2003|p=632}}</ref> Quadi soldiers subsequently participated [[Battle_of_Bedriacum#Second_Battle_of_Bedriacum|second battle of Bedriacum]] under Sido and Italicus, perhaps the son of Vangio, in 69 AD at Cremona in Italy. An influx of North Italian green-glazed ceramics into southwestern Slovakia might be a result of the troops in Italy.<ref>{{harvtxt|Kolník|2003|p=632}} citing Tacitus, ''Histories''</ref>

Tacitus reported in the late first century that the [[Osi (tribe)|Osi]], who spoke a language similar to the [[Pannonia]]n [[Aravisci]] who lived near present day Budapest, and the [[Cotini]], a [[Celtic languages|Celtic]]-speaking people, mined iron in the mountainous regions north of the Quadi, in present day Slovakia, and paid tribute to the Quadi and their Sarmatian allies in present day Hungary. Also in these mountainous regions Tacitus places the [[Buri tribe]], who Tacitus describes as speaking a similar Suebian language.<ref>Tacitus, ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'', [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1351.phi002.perseus-eng1:28 28], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1351.phi002.perseus-eng1:43 43].</ref> In the second century the geographer [[Ptolemy]] described the position of the Buri as being near the sources of the Vistula river.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/10.html Ptolemy 2.10]</ref>

Despite the occasional tensions, the Quadi and their Suebi neighbours had a relatively stable relationship with the Romans as a [[client state]] during this period, but this was interrupted under emperor [[Domitian]] during the years 89-97, after the Quadi and Marcomanni refused to assist in a conflict against the Dacians. According to Dio Cassius, Domitian reacted by entering Pannonia to make war, killed the peace envoys sent to him, but was then defeated by the Marcomanni. This campaign was referred to as the war against the Suebi, or the Suebi and Sarmatians, or the Marcomanni, Quadi and Sarmatians. The relationship then stabilized again in the time of emperor [[Nerva]].<ref>{{harvtxt|Kolník|2003|pp=632-633}}{{harvtxt|Kehne|2001|p=295}}. See Dio Cassius [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/67*.html 67]</ref>