Editing RGB color model (section)

==History of RGB color model theory and usage==
The RGB color model is based on the [[Young–Helmholtz theory]] of [[trichromacy|trichromatic color vision]], developed by [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] and [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and on [[James Clerk Maxwell]]'s color triangle that elaborated that theory ({{Circa|1860}}).

{{multiple image
| align             = center
| header            = Early color photographs
| image1            = Tartan Ribbon.jpg
| width1            = 270
| alt1              = A bow made of tartan ribbon. The center of the bow is round, made of piled loops of ribbon, with two pieces of ribbon attached underneath, one extending at an angle to the upper left corner of the photograph and another extending to the upper right. The tartan colors are faded, in shades mostly of blue, pink, maroon, and white; the bow is set against a background of mottled olive.
| caption1          = The first permanent color photograph, taken by [[Thomas Sutton (photographer)|Thomas Sutton]] in 1861 using [[James Clerk Maxwell]]'s proposed method of three filters, specifically red, green, and violet-blue
| image2            = Rgb-compose-Alim Khan.jpg
| width2            = 333
| alt2              = A large color photograph abutting (to its right) a column of three stacked black-and-white versions of the same picture. Each of the three smaller black-and-white photos are slightly different, due to the effect of the color filter used. Each of the four photographs differs only in color and depict a turbaned and bearded man, sitting in the corner an empty room, with an open door to his right and a closed door to his left. The man is wearing an ornate full-length blue robe trimmed with a checkered red-and-black ribbon. The blue fabric is festooned with depictions of stems of white, purple, and blue flowers. He wears an ornate gold belt, and in his left hand, he holds a gold sword and scabbard. Under his right shoulder strap is a white aiguillette; attached to his robe across his upper chest are four multi-pointed badges of various shapes, perhaps military or royal decorations.
| caption2          = A photograph of [[Mohammed Alim Khan]] (1880–1944), [[Emir of Bukhara]], taken in 1911 by [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]] using three exposures with blue, green, and red filters
}}

===Photography===
The first experiments with RGB in early [[color photography]] were made in 1861 by Maxwell himself, and involved the process of combining three color-filtered separate takes.<ref name=":0">{{cite book | title = Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide | author = Robert Hirsch | publisher = Laurence King Publishing | year = 2004 | isbn = 1-85669-420-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4Gx2WItWGYoC&q=maxwell+additive+color+photograph+register&pg=PA28 }}</ref> To reproduce the color photograph, three matching projections over a screen in a dark room were necessary.

The additive RGB model and variants such as orange–green–violet were also used in the [[Autochrome Lumière]] color plates and other screen-plate technologies such as the [[Joly color screen]] and the [[Paget process]] in the early twentieth century. Color photography by taking three separate plates was used by other pioneers, such as the Russian [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]] in the period 1909 through 1915.<ref Name=loc>[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/gorskii.html Photographer to the Tsar: Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii] Library of Congress.</ref> Such methods lasted until about 1960 using the expensive and extremely complex [[Carbon print|tri-color carbro]]<!-- "Carbro" isn't a typo. Please don't replace it with "carbon". --> [[Autotype]] process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artfacts.org/artinfo/articals/evercolor.html |title=The Evolution of Color Pigment Printing |publisher=Artfacts.org |access-date=2013-04-29}}</ref>

When employed, the reproduction of prints from three-plate photos was done by dyes or pigments using the complementary [[CMYK color model|CMY]] model, by simply using the negative plates of the filtered takes: reverse red gives the cyan plate, and so on.

===Television===
Before the development of practical electronic TV, there were patents on mechanically scanned color systems as early as 1889 in [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. The [[color television|color TV]] pioneer [[John Logie Baird]] demonstrated the world's first RGB color transmission in 1928, and also the world's first color broadcast in 1938, in [[London]]. In his experiments, scanning and display were done mechanically by spinning colorized wheels.<ref>John Logie Baird, [https://patents.google.com/patent/US1925554 Television Apparatus and the Like], U.S. patent, filed in U.K. in 1928.</ref><ref>Baird Television: [http://www.bairdtelevision.com/crystalpalace.html Crystal Palace Television Studios]. Previous color television demonstrations in the U.K. and U.S. had been via closed circuit.</ref>

The [[CBS|Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)]] began an experimental RGB [[field-sequential color system]] in 1940. Images were scanned electrically, but the system still used a moving part: the transparent RGB color wheel rotating at above 1,200&nbsp;rpm in synchronism with the vertical scan. The camera and the [[cathode-ray tube]] (CRT) were both [[monochromatic]]. Color was provided by color wheels in the camera and the receiver.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C15F6385A11728DDDA90B94D0405B8088F1D3
|title=Color Television Success in Test
|access-date=2008-05-12
|page=21
|work=NY Times
|date=1940-08-30}}</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20080611114246/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/wsj/access/107348215.html?dids=107348215:107348215&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+5%2C+1940 CBS Demonstrates Full Color Television]," ''Wall Street Journal'', Sept. 5, 1940, p. 1.</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/11/13/archives/television-hearing-set-commercial-sale-waits-on-fcc-engineers-are.html
|access-date=2008-05-12
|date=1940-11-13
|title=Television Hearing Set
|work=NY Times
|page=26}}</ref> More recently, color wheels have been used in field-sequential projection TV receivers based on the Texas Instruments monochrome DLP imager.

The modern RGB [[shadow mask]] technology for color CRT displays was patented by Werner Flechsig in Germany in 1938.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Electronic Entertainment Since 1945 |first=David L. |last=Morton |url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/publications/entertainment/Chapter2.pdf |chapter=Television Broadcasting |publisher=IEEE |year=1999 |isbn=0-7803-9936-6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306171954/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/publications/entertainment/Chapter2.pdf |archive-date=March 6, 2009 }}</ref>

===Personal computers===
[[Personal computer]]s of the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as the [[Apple II]] and [[VIC-20]], use [[composite video]]. The [[Commodore 64]] and the [[Atari 8-bit computers]] use [[S-Video]] derivatives. [[IBM]] introduced a 16-color scheme (4&nbsp;bits—1&nbsp;bit each for red, green, blue, and intensity) with the [[Color Graphics Adapter]] (CGA) for its [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]] in 1981, later improved with the [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter]] (EGA) in 1984. The first manufacturer of a [[24-bit color|truecolor]] graphics card for PCs (the TARGA) was [[Truevision]] in 1987, but it was not until the arrival of the [[Video Graphics Array]] (VGA) in 1987 that RGB became popular, mainly due to the [[analog signal]]s in the connection between the adapter and the [[computer monitor|monitor]] which allowed a very wide range of RGB colors. Actually, it had to wait a few more years because the original VGA cards were palette-driven just like EGA, although with more freedom than VGA, but because the VGA connectors were analog, later variants of VGA (made by various manufacturers under the informal name Super VGA) eventually added true-color. In 1992, magazines heavily advertised true-color Super VGA hardware.