Editing Radish (section)

== Description ==
[[File:Radijs voos (Raphanus sativus subsp. sativus).jpg|thumb|Section through red globe radishes]]

Radishes are annual or biennial [[Brassicaceae|brassicaceous]] crops grown for their swollen tap roots which can be globular, tapering, or cylindrical. The root skin colour ranges from white through pink, red, purple, yellow, and green to black, but the flesh is usually white. The roots obtain their color from [[anthocyanin]]s. Red varieties use the anthocyanin [[pelargonidin]] as a pigment, and purple cultivars obtain their color from [[cyanidin]].<ref name="NishioKitashiba2017" /> Smaller types have a few leaves about {{convert|13|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long with round roots up to {{convert|2.5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} in diameter or more slender, long roots up to {{convert|7|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long. Both of these are normally eaten raw in salads.<ref name="RHS">{{cite book |title=The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening |editor-last1=Brickell |editor-first1=Christopher |year=1992 |location=London |type=Print |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-86318-979-1 |pages=356–357}}</ref> A longer root form, including oriental radishes, daikon or mooli, and winter radishes, grows up to {{convert|60|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long with foliage about {{convert|60|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} high with a spread of {{convert|45|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="RHS" /> The flesh of radishes harvested timely is crisp and sweet, but becomes bitter and tough if the vegetable is left in the ground too long.<ref name="Vegetable Gardening 2000">{{cite book |title=Vegetable Gardening: Growing and Harvesting Vegetables |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0gvvck6nNNcC&pg=PA242 |year=2004 |publisher=Murdoch Books |isbn=978-1-74045-519-0 |page=242 |access-date=2016-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617095109/https://books.google.com/books?id=0gvvck6nNNcC&pg=PA242 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Leaves are arranged in a [[rosette (botany)|rosette]]. They have a lyrate shape, meaning they are divided [[pinnate]]ly with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes. The white flowers are borne on a [[raceme|racemose]] [[inflorescence]].<ref name="Gopalakrishnan 2007">{{cite book |last1=Gopalakrishnan |first1=T.P. |title=Vegetable Crops |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&pg=PA244 |year=2007 |publisher=New India Publishing |isbn=978-81-89422-41-7 |pages=244–247 |access-date=2016-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520121709/https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&pg=PA244 |archive-date=2016-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> The fruits are small pods which can be eaten when young.<ref name="RHS" />

The radish is a [[Ploidy|diploid]] species, and has 18 [[chromosome]]s (2''n''=18).{{sfn|Dixon|2007|p=35}} It is estimated that the radish genome contains between 526 and 574 [[Base pair#Length measurements|Mb]].<ref name="NishioKitashiba2017">{{cite book|author=Takeshi Nishio|editor=Takeshi Nishio, Hiroyasu Kitashiba|title=The Radish Genome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JQ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|date=4 October 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-59253-4|pages=3–4}}</ref>

=== Varieties ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Cultivar !! class="unsortable" | Image !! Name
|-
|Red radish ||[[File:Raphanus sativus var. sativus Radish ハツカダイコン廿日大根、二十日大根.JPG|100px]]  || ''Raphanus sativus'' var. ''sativus''
|-
|Green radish||[[File:Green radish (34758437621).jpg|100px]]  || ''Raphanus sativus'' var. ''caudatus''
|-
|[[Daikon]]||[[File:Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus (11729226275).jpg|100px]]   || ''Raphanus sativus'' var. ''longipinnatus''
|-
|[[Black radish]]||[[File:Rettichschwarzlang.jpg|100px]]  || ''Raphanus sativus'' var. ''niger''
|-
|Oilseed radish||[[File:Raphanus sativus subsp. oleiferus inflorescense, Bladrammenas bloeiwijze (4).jpg|100px]]  || ''Raphanus sativus'' var. ''oleiformis''
|-
|Wild radish||[[File:Raphanus sativus var raphanistroides2.jpg|100px]]  || ''Raphanus sativus'' var. ''raphanistroides''
|-
|}