Editing Razorbill (section)

== Distribution and habitat ==
Razorbills are distributed across the North Atlantic; the world population of razorbills is estimated to be at less than 1,000,000 breeding pairs.<ref name=Chapdelaine2001/> Approximately half of the breeding pairs occur in Iceland. Razorbills thrive at water surface temperatures below {{cvt|15|°C}}.  They are often seen with the two  larger [[auks]], thick-billed murre and common murre.  However, unlike other auks, they commonly move into larger [[estuaries]] with lower [[salinity]] levels to feed.  These birds are distributed across sub-arctic and boreal waters of the [[Atlantic]].  Their breeding habitat is islands, rocky shores, and cliffs on northern [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coasts, in eastern [[North America]] as far south as [[Maine]], and in western [[Europe]] from northwestern [[Russia]] to northern [[France]].  North American birds [[Bird migration|migrate]] offshore and south, ranging from the [[Labrador Sea]] south to the [[Grand Banks]] of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] to [[New England]].  Eurasian birds also winter at sea, with multiple populations aggregating in the North Sea<ref name="Buckingham et al. 2022">{{cite journal |last1=Buckingham |first1=Lila |last2=Bogdanova |first2=Maria I. |last3=Green |first3=Jonathan A. |last4=Dunn |first4=Ruth E. |last5=Wanless |first5=Sarah |last6=Bennett |first6=Sophie |last7=Bevan |first7=Richard M. |last8=Call |first8=Andrew |last9=Canham |first9=Michael |last10=Corse |first10=Colin J. |last11=Harris |first11=Michael P. |last12=Heward |first12=Christopher J. |last13=Jardine |first13=David C. |last14=Lennon |first14=Jim |last15=Parnaby |first15=David |last16=Redfern |first16=Chris P. F. |last17=Scott |first17=Liz |last18=Swann |first18=Robert L. |last19=Ward |first19=Robin M. |last20=Weston |first20=Ewan D. |last21=Furness |first21=Robert W. |last22=Daunt |first22=Francis |title=Interspecific variation in non-breeding aggregation: a multi-colony tracking study of two sympatric seabirds |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |date=17 February 2022 |volume=684 |pages=181–197 |doi=10.3354/meps13960 |bibcode=2022MEPS..684..181B |s2cid=244752949 |language=en |issn=0171-8630|doi-access=free }}</ref> and some moving south as far as the western [[Mediterranean]]. Approximately 60 to 70% of the entire razorbill population breeds in [[Iceland]].<ref name=BNA/>

Some razorbill colonies include (north to south):

* [[Grímsey]], Iceland (66°33' N)
* [[Látrabjarg]], Iceland (65°30' N) - 230,000 pairs, about 40% of the global population (mid-1990s estimate). Breeding season June – July.<ref name=lilliendahl2003/>
* [[Runde]], Norway (62°24' N) - 3,000 pairs.
* [[St Kilda, Scotland|St Kilda]], Scotland (57°49' N).
* [[Stora Karlsö]], Gotland, Sweden (57°17' N), the type locality and the largest colony in the Baltic Sea, with 12,000 pairs in 2014–2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fåglarna |url=https://storakarlso.se/faglarna/ |website=Stora Karlsö |access-date=11 September 2024 |language=Swedish }}</ref>
* [[Farne Islands]], Northumberland, UK (55°38' N) - 523 pairs in 2022, breeding season May to mid-July.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Mould |editor1-first=Andy |title=Birds in Northumbria 2022 |date=2023 |publisher=Northumberland and Tyneside Bird Club |location=Newcastle upon Tyne |isbn=978-1-9993398-5-2 |page=110}}</ref>
* [[Bempton Cliffs]], [[East Riding of Yorkshire]], UK (54°14’ N) - 30,673 pairs in 2022, pairs from March to mid-July.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clarkson |first1=K. |last2=Aitken |first2=D. |last3=Cope |first3=R. |last4=O'Hara |first4=D. |title=Flamborough & Filey Coast SPA: 2022 seabird colony count and population trends |date=2023 |page=30 |url=https://yorkshiremarinenaturepartnership.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Flamborough-and-Filey-Coast-SPA-seabird-colony-count-2022.pdf |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>
* [[Skomer Island]], Pembrokeshire, Wales.
* [[Heligoland]], Germany (54°10' N) - a few pairs only.
* [[Gannet Islands Ecological Reserve|Gannet Islands]], Canada (53°58' N) - 9,800 pairs.<ref name=Chapdelaine2001/>
* [[Funk Island]], Canada (49°45' N).
* [[Île Rouzic]], Brittany, France (48°54' N) - the southernmost limit in Europe; 600 pairs in 1960 but declining to just 30 pairs by 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France |url=http://www.uicn.fr/IMG/pdf/Liste_rouge_France_Oiseaux_de_metropole.pdf |publisher=UICN Comité Français |access-date=11 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226071157/http://www.uicn.fr/IMG/pdf/Liste_rouge_France_Oiseaux_de_metropole.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-26 |page=6 |language=French}}</ref>
* [[Baccalieu Island]], Canada (48°07' N).
* [[Witless Bay Ecological Reserve|Witless Bay]], Canada (47°13' N).
* [[Cape St. Mary's Ecological Reserve|Cape St. Mary's]], Canada (46°49' N).