Editing Reading (computer) (section)

=== CMOS ===
{{main article|CMOS}}
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a [[Non-volatile memory|non-volatile medium]].<ref>Durini, Daniel. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uMe3DwAAQBAJ&dq=Complementary%20metal%E2%80%93oxide%E2%80%93semiconductor&pg=PA95 High Performance Silicon Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications of CMOS and CCD Sensors]'' Woodhead Publishing, 2019. 95.</ref> It is used in [[microprocessor]]s, [[microcontroller]]s, [[static RAM]], and other [[digital logic]] circuits. Memory is read through the use of a combination of p-type and n-type [[metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor]]s (MOSFETs). In CMOS logic, a collection of n-type MOSFETs are arranged in a [[pull-up resistor|pull-down]] [[electrical network|network]] between the output [[node (circuits)|node]] and the lower-voltage [[voltage source|power supply rail]], named [[IC power supply pin|V<sub>ss</sub>]], which often has [[ground (electricity)|ground]] potential. By asserting or de-asserting the inputs to the CMOS circuit, individual transistors along the pull-up and pull-down networks become [[conductive]] and [[Resistivity|resistive]] to electric current, and results in the desired path connecting from the output node to one of the voltage rails.