Editing Receivership (section)

==United States==
Several regulatory entities have been granted power by the [[United States Congress|Congress]] to place banking and financial institutions into receivership like the [[Office of the Comptroller of the Currency]] for failing nationally chartered commercial [[bank]]s; the [[Office of Thrift Supervision]] for failing [[savings and loan association]]s (thrift institutions); and the [[Federal Housing Finance Agency]] (FHFA) for [[Government-owned corporation|government-sponsored enterprises]] (GSEs) such as [[Fannie Mae]], [[Freddie Mac]], and the 11 [[Federal Home Loan Bank]]s. Most individual states also have granted receivership authority to their own bank regulatory agencies and insurance regulators. State Insurance Departments are accredited by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC)—which states, "State law should set forth a receivership scheme for the administration, by the insurance commissioner, of insurance companies found to be insolvent as set forth in the NAIC's Insurer Receivership Model Act."<ref name="NAIC Accred. Pamphlet, p. 7">{{cite web|url=http://www.naic.org/documents/committees_f_FRSA_pamphlet.pdf |title=Accreditation booklet-4/95 |website=Naic.org |access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref>

Some organizations have come into existence on the state level to alter the proceedings. An example is the California Receivers Forum, which is a non-profit organization "formed by interested receivers, attorneys, accountants, and property managers, with support from the [[Los Angeles County Superior Court|Los Angeles Superior Court]], to address the needs and concerns of receivers, to facilitate communication between the receivership community and the courts, and to assist in raising the level of professionalism of receivers..."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.receivers.org|title=California Receivers Forum|website=California Receivers Forum|access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-douglas-wilson-cos-getting-small-business-receiver-2010aug05-story.html|title=Douglas Wilson Cos. getting into small-business receiver market|last=Mannes|first=Tanya|date=5 August 2010|website=San Diego Union Tribune|access-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603152618/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-douglas-wilson-cos-getting-small-business-receiver-2010aug05-story.html |archive-date= 3 June 2019 }}</ref> The California Receivers Forum reports five local affiliates in the state: Bay Area, Central California, LA/Orange County, Sacramento Valley and San Diego.<ref name=":0" />

Court-appointed receivers are "the most powerful and independent of the judicially appointed managers."<ref name=Bradley2007>Bradley, Catherine Megan. "[http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/ecm_pro_064617.pdf Old Remedies Are New Again: Deliberate Indifference and the Receivership in ''Plata v. Schwarzenegger'']". 62 N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 703 (2007).</ref> Unlike [[special master]]s and monitors, "the receiver completely displaces the defendants: the receiver makes large and small decisions, spends the organization's funds, and controls hiring and firing determinations."<ref name=Bradley2007/> Examples of court-appointed receivers include:
*In the [[District of Columbia]], the [[D.C. Jail]]'s medical care facility "was placed under court-ordered receivership in August 1995, after the District was held in contempt for repeatedly failing to implement court orders...intended to ensure adequate medical services to jail inmates".<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |last1=Ekstrand |first1=Laurie E. |url=http://www.gao.gov/new.items/gg00173t.pdf |title=District of Columbia Receivership: Selected Issues Related to Medical Services at the D.C. Jail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051137/http://www.gao.gov/new.items/gg00173t.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |website=United States General Accounting Office |date=30 June 2000 |id=GAO/T-GGD-00-173}}</ref> The receivership ended in September 2000.<ref>"[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04750.pdf District of Columbia Jail: Medical Services Generally Met Requirements and Costs Decreased, but Oversight Is Incomplete]". United States General Accounting Office, June 2004. Report GAO-04-750.</ref>
*An insolvent fuel company is managed by a court-appointed receiver.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.mlive.com/kzgazette/news/index.ssf/2008/09/courtappointed_receiver_now_co.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913212126/http://www.mlive.com/kzgazette/news/index.ssf/2008/09/courtappointed_receiver_now_co.html |archive-date=13 September 2008 |title=Court-appointed receiver now controls Torco Racing Fuels |website=MLive.com |first1=Kathy |last1=Jessup |agency=Kalamazoo Gazette |date=September 9, 2008 }}</ref>
*A [[United States district court|U.S. District Judge]] appointed a receiver for the [[multi-level marketing]] company [[Equinox (MLM)|Equinox International]] in August 1999.<ref>Geer, Carri. "Court-appointed receiver to retain control of Equinox Corp. for now". ''Las Vegas Review-Journal'', 18 August 1999.</ref> As of 2007, the receiver was authorized to distribute [[Settlement (litigation)|settlement]] funds from the now-defunct company to approved claimants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.robbevans.com/html/eqnxpage.html |access-date=10 November 2007 |title=	Equinox International, Corporation, Advanced Marketing Seminars, Inc. and BG Enterprises, Inc. (Receiver) |website=Robb Evans & Associates LLC }}</ref>
*After placing the [[List of California state prisons|California state prison]] health care system into receivership in June 2005,<ref name=Bradley2007/> a U.S. District Judge appointed a receiver for it in February 2006.<ref name=Moore2007>{{cite web |last1=Moore |first1=Solomon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/us/27prisons.html |title=Using Muscle to Improve Health Care for Prisoners |website=The New York Times |date=27 August 2007 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810165356/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/us/27prisons.html |archive-date= Aug 10, 2023 }}</ref> California Correctional Health Care Services (under control of the California Correctional Health Care Receivership) attempts "to bring medical care in California prisons up to constitutional standards".<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.cphcs.ca.gov/ |title=California Prison Health Care Services |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217210543/http://www.cphcs.ca.gov/ |archive-date=17 February 2009 |access-date=16 August 2008}}</ref>
*In February 2007, a judge in [[Florida]] appointed a receiver for companies owned by [[Lou Pearlman]] that defrauded investors.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Huntley |first1=Helen |url=http://www.sptimes.com/2007/02/03/Business/Regulators_call_Pearl.shtml |title=Regulators call Pearlman savings plan a fraud |website=St. Petersburg Times |date=3 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225032/http://www.sptimes.com/2007/02/03/Business/Regulators_call_Pearl.shtml |archive-date= Mar 3, 2016 }}</ref> The receiver later said about the companies "I don't see much in the way of hard assets that are worth anything or are not already fully encumbered [with debt]."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lieberman |first1=David |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/regulation/2007-04-09-pearlman-usat_N.htm |title=Missing music king loses his throne |website=USA Today |date=10 April 2007|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924014423/http://www.usatoday.com:80/money/companies/regulation/2007-04-09-pearlman-usat_N.htm |archive-date= Sep 24, 2012}}</ref>
*In March 2025, in response to the [[Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus protests and occupations during the Gaza war|Columbia University campus protests in solidarity with Palestine]], the Trump administration demanded that the university's Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies (MESAAS) Department be put under academic receivership.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Biazzo |first=Meghnad Bose, Sacha |date=2025-04-16 |title=Inside Columbia’s Betrayal of Its Middle Eastern Studies Department |url=https://theintercept.com/2025/04/16/columbia-middle-eastern-studies-trump-attacks/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}</ref>