Editing Registered Cossacks (section)

=== Batory reforms ===
Elected King of Poland in 1575, the [[Prince of Transylvania]], [[Stephen Báthory]], undertook a comprehensive effort to bring order to the Ukrainian borderlands, where the Cossack element had grown into a significant force and was launching independent raids against the [[Ottoman Empire]] and its vassals, [[Moldavia]] and the [[Crimean Khanate]].{{Sfn|Yakovenko|2011|p=261}}{{sfn|Hrushevsky|2003|p=191}}

In the course of negotiations with Cossack representatives, he established a permanent 500-man Cossack unit, whose members were registered and received regular pay. The king granted them a banner, a seal, and a mace, and designated the town of [[Trakhtemyriv]] as their official residence.{{Sfn|Yakovenko|2011|p=261}} Prince [[Michał Wiśniowiecki (1529–1584)|Michał Wiśniowiecki]] was appointed as the supreme commander of the host, with {{Ill|Jan Oryszowski|pl}} as its military leader and Jancza Beger as the scribe. In return, the Cossacks were forbidden from conducting independent raids.{{Sfn|Yakovenko|2011|p=261}}

The unit took part in the [[Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory|war against Muscovy]]. Later registers recorded varying numbers of Cossacks officially enlisted—up to 600 in 1583 and 1,000 in 1590. Although payments were often irregular, the very existence of the register, along with royal edicts confirming their autonomy from local administration, fostered among the Cossacks a sense of estate-based distinctiveness.{{Sfn|Yakovenko|2011|p=262}} The register also failed to put an end to Cossack raids, in which registered Cossacks often participated.{{Sfn|Yakovenko|2011|p=262-263}}

In 1590 the [[Sejm]] issued a new declaration re-creating the Cossack units. A royal [[edict]]  issued on July 25, 1590, envisaged registering 1,000 Cossacks for policing duty in order to prevent unauthorized raids into neighboring countries.<ref name="haidamaka"/> The registered Cossacks were paid from 5 to 12 [[Polish zloty|zlotys]] each quarter, and the Zaporizhian Sich was selected as their headquarters.<ref name="haidamaka"/> As the Polish interests aimed in securing the Swedish crown, however, the Cossack movement was allowed to grow out of control, leading to a series of local rebellions by [[polkovnyk]] [[Krzysztof Kosiński]] and [[Severyn Nalyvaiko]], with assistance from [[kosh otaman]] of the Zaporozhian Cossacks [[Hryhoriy Loboda]].{{sfn|Hrushevsky|2003|p=214}}