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Robin Morgan
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===Activism=== By 1962 Morgan had become active in the [[anti-war]] Left, and had also contributed articles and poetry to such [[Left-wing]] and [[counter-culture]] journals as ''[[Liberation (magazine)|Liberation]]'', ''[[Rat (newspaper)|Rat]]'', ''Win'', and ''[[The National Guardian]]''.<ref name="s"/> In the 1960s she became increasingly involved in social-justice movements, notably the civil-rights and anti-Vietnam war. In early 1967, she was active in the [[Youth International Party]] (known in the media as the "Yippies"), with [[Abbie Hoffman]] and [[Paul Krassner]]. However, tensions over [[sexism]] within the YIP (and the [[New Left]] in general) came to a head when Morgan grew more involved in [[Women's Liberation]] and contemporary [[feminism]].<ref name="s"/> [[File:Feminism symbol.svg|thumb|Feminist symbol designed by Morgan for a [[Miss America protest]] in 1968, where it was popularized]] In 1967, Morgan became a founding member of the short-lived [[New York Radical Women]] group. She was the key organizer of their inaugural protest of the [[Miss America]] pageant in Atlantic City.<ref name="jaw"/> She designed the feminist symbol of a [[raised fist]] within the [[Venus symbol]] for that [[Miss America protest|protest of the 1969 Miss America pageant]], where it was popularized.<ref>Felder, Deborah G. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Women_s_Almanac/ELq9DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22venus+symbol+of+a+female+but+with+a+raised+fist%22&pg=PT193&printsec=frontcover The American Women's Almanac: 500 Years of Making History]''. United States: Visible Ink Press, 2020.</ref><ref>Davis, Ben. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Art_in_the_After_Culture/R-JaEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22robin+morgan+as+a+graphic+for+a+protest%22&pg=PT88&printsec=frontcover Art in the After-Culture: Capitalist Crisis and Cultural Strategy]''. United Kingdom: Haymarket Books, 2022.</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17739105 |title=Breivik: What's behind clenched-fist salutes? |last=Kelly |first=Jon |date=17 April 2012 |website=[[bbc.co.uk]] |access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> Morgan also wrote the [[Miss America protest]] pamphlet ''No More Miss America!'' In 1968 she also cofounded [[Women's International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell]] (W.I.T.C.H.), a radical feminist group that used public [[street theater]] (called "hexes" or "zaps") to call attention to sexism. The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' also credits her with first using the term "[[herstory]]" in print in her 1970 anthology ''[[Sisterhood is Powerful]]''.<ref name="oed"/><ref name="msms"/> Concerning the feminist organization W.I.T.C.H., Morgan wrote: :The fluidity and wit of the witches is evident in the ever-changing acronym: the basic, original title was [[Women's International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell]] [...] and the latest heard at this writing is Women Inspired to Commit Herstory."<ref name="oed"/> With the royalties from her anthology ''Sisterhood Is Powerful'', Morgan founded the first feminist grant-giving foundation in the US: ''The Sisterhood Is Powerful Fund'', which provided seed money to many early women's groups throughout the 1970s and 1980s. She made a decisive break from what she described as the "male Left"<ref name="an"/> when she led the women's takeover of the underground newspaper ''[[Rat (newspaper)|Rat]]'' in 1970,<ref name="nyorker"/> and listed the reasons for her break in the first women's issue of the paper, in her essay titled "Goodbye to All That". The essay gained notoriety in the press for naming specific sexist men and institutions in the Left. Decades later, during the Democratic primaries for the 2008 presidential race, Morgan wrote a fiery sequel to her original essay, titled "Goodbye To All That #2", in defense of [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref name="s"/> The article quickly went viral on the internet for lambasting sexist rhetoric directed towards Clinton by the media.<ref name="nyorker"/> In 1977, Morgan became an associate of the [[Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press]] (WIFP).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wifp.org/who-we-are/associates/|title=Associates {{!}} The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press|website=www.wifp.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref> WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media. Morgan has traveled extensively across the United States and around the world to bring attention to cross-cultural sexism. She has met with and interviewed female rebel fighters in the [[Philippines]], [[Brazilians|Brazilian]] women activists in the slums/favelas of [[Rio de Janeiro|Rio]], women organizers in the townships of [[South Africa]], and underground feminists in [[Iran]].<ref name="jaw"/> Twice––in 1986 and 1989 she spent months in the [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] refugee camps in [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Egypt]], [[Syria]], [[West Bank]], and [[Gaza City|Gaza]], to report on the conditions of women. Morgan has also spoken at universities and institutions in countries across Europe, the [[Caribbean]], and [[Central America]], as well as in Australia, [[Brazil]], China, [[Indonesia]], [[Israel]], Japan, [[Nepal]], New Zealand, [[Pacific Island]] nations, the [[Philippines]], and [[South Africa]].<ref name="biohome"/> Over the years, Morgan has received numerous awards for her activism on women’s rights.<ref name="jaw"/> The [[Feminist Majority Foundation]] named Robin Morgan "Woman of the Year" in 1990; she received the Warrior Woman Award for Promoting Racial Understanding from The Asian American Women's National Organization in 1992; in 2002 she received a Lifetime Achievement in Human Rights from [[Equality Now]], and in 2003 [[The Feminist Press]] gave her a "Femmy" Award for her "service to literature".<ref name="biohome"/> She has also received the Humanist Heroine Award from [[The American Humanist Association]] in 2007.<ref name="hhumanist"/> ;Limbaugh FCC incident In March 2012 Morgan, along with her Women's Media Center co-founders [[Jane Fonda]] and [[Gloria Steinem]], wrote an open letter asking listeners to request that the U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) investigate the [[Rush Limbaugh–Sandra Fluke controversy]], where [[Rush Limbaugh]] referred to [[Sandra Fluke]] as a "slut" and "prostitute" after she advocated for insurance coverage for [[contraception]].<ref name="wsj"/> They asked that stations licensed for public airwaves carrying Limbaugh be held accountable for contravening public interest as a continual promoter of [[hate speech]] against various disempowered and minority groups.<ref name="airwaves"/>
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