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Rogue wave
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=== Early reports === In 1826, French scientist and naval officer [[Jules Dumont d'Urville]] reported waves as high as {{convert|33|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in the Indian Ocean with three colleagues as witnesses, yet he was publicly ridiculed by fellow scientist [[François Arago]]. In that era, the thought was widely held that no wave could exceed {{convert|9|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Parker2012">{{cite book | author = Bruce Parker | title = The Power of the Sea: Tsunamis, Storm Surges, Rogue Waves, and Our Quest to Predict Disasters | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zzlNJFc4vngC | year = 2012 | publisher = [[St. Martin's Press]] | isbn = 978-0-230-11224-7}}</ref><ref name="Jones2008">{{cite book |author1 = Ian Jones |author2 = Joyce Jones |title = Oceanography in the Days of Sail |page = 115 |url = http://www.sims.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ECODS-b5-12-1-10.pdf |date = 2008 |publisher = [[Hale & Iremonger]] |isbn = 978-0-9807445-1-4 |quote = Dumont d'Urville, in his narrative, expressed the opinion that the waves reached a height of 'at least 80 to 100 feet'. In an era when opinions were expressed that no wave would exceed 30 feet, Dumont d'Urville's estimations were received, with some skepticism. No one was more outspoken in his rejection than François Arago, who, calling for a more scientific approach to the estimation of wave height in his instructions for the physical research on the voyage of the ''Bonité'', suggested that imagination played a part in estimations as high as '33 metres' (108 feet). Later, in his 1841 report on the results of the'' Vénus'' expedition, Arago made further reference to the 'truly prodigious waves with which the lively imagination of certain navigators delights in covering the seas' |access-date = 2016-01-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160302232557/http://www.sims.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ECODS-b5-12-1-10.pdf |archive-date = 2016-03-02 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Author [[Susan Casey]] wrote that much of that disbelief came [[Survivorship bias|because there were very few people who had seen a rogue wave and survived]]; until the advent of steel [[Double hull|double-hulled ships]] of the 20th century, "people who encountered {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=on|disp=sqbr}} rogue waves generally weren't coming back to tell people about it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2010/09/26/the_wave_susan_casey_interview/|title='The Wave': The growing danger of monster waves|date=26 September 2010|work=[[salon.com]]|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
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