Editing SEALAB (section)

==SEALAB II==
[[File:SEALAB II.jpg|right|thumb|SEALAB II above surface]]
[[File:Tuffy.jpg|right|thumb|Tuffy the dolphin delivered supplies to SEALAB II<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Marine Mammals: The Navy's Super Searchers |url=https://navalunderseamuseum.org/marinemammals/ |website=U. S. Naval Undersea Museum |access-date=29 June 2023 |quote=In 1964, Tuffy starred in the documentary 'The Dolphins That Joined the Navy'. The following year, he participated in the Sealab II project, an experiment where divers lived underwater. Tuffy carried messages and tools to the undersea habitat and practiced rescuing lost or injured divers.}}</ref>]]

SEALAB II was launched in 1965.<ref name=":0" /> It was nearly twice as large as SEALAB I with heating coils installed in the deck to ward off the constant helium-induced chill, and air conditioning to reduce the oppressive humidity. Facilities included hot showers, a built-in toilet, laboratory equipment, eleven viewing ports, two exits, and [[refrigeration]]. It was placed in the [[San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park|La Jolla Canyon]] off the coast of [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] at [[UC San Diego]], in [[La Jolla|La Jolla, California]], at a depth of {{convert|205|ft}}. On August 28, 1965, the first of three teams of divers moved into what became known as the "Tilton Hilton" (Tiltin' Hilton, because of the slope of the landing site). The support ship ''Berkone'' hovered on the surface above, within sight of Scripps Pier. The helium atmosphere conducted heat away from the divers’ bodies so quickly temperatures were raised to {{cvt|30|C}} to ward off chill.<ref name=sul/>

Each team spent 15 days in the habitat, but aquanaut/former [[astronaut]] [[Scott Carpenter]] remained below for a record 30 days. In addition to physiological testing, the 28 divers tested new tools, methods of salvage, and an electrically heated drysuit.<ref name=":3">{{cite book| author1=Roland Radloff| author2=Robert Helmreich| name-list-style=amp| title=Groups Under Stress: Psychological Research in Sealab II| publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts| year=1968| isbn=0-89197-191-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author1=T. A. Clarke| author2=A. O. Flechsig| author3=R. W. Grigg| title=Ecological studies during Project Sealab II. A sand-bottom community at depth of 61 meters and the fauna attracted to "Sealab II" are investigated| journal=Science| volume=157| issue=3795| pages=1381–9| date=September 1967| pmid=4382569| doi= 10.1126/science.157.3795.1381| bibcode=1967Sci...157.1381C}}</ref> They were aided by a [[bottlenose dolphin]] named Tuffy from the [[United States Navy Marine Mammal Program]]. Aquanauts and Navy trainers attempted, with mixed results, to teach Tuffy to ferry supplies from the surface to SEALAB or from one diver to another, and to come to the rescue of an aquanaut in distress.<ref>{{cite book| author1=James W. Miller| author2=Ian G. Koblick| author-link2=Underwater habitat#La Chalupa Research Laboratory| title=Living and Working in the Sea| publisher=[[Van Nostrand Reinhold|Van Nostrand Reinhold Company]]| year=1984| location=New York City| pages=60–61| isbn=0-442-26084-9}}</ref><ref name="Navy History">{{cite web| url=http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/teach/ends/aquanauts.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030317024737/http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/teach/ends/aquanauts.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=March 17, 2003|title=Aquanauts and Sealab| publisher=[[National Museum of the United States Navy|U.S. Navy Museum]], [[Naval History & Heritage Command]], [[United States Navy]]| access-date=February 21, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Hellwarth">{{cite book| author=Ben Hellwarth| title=Sealab: America's Forgotten Quest to Live and Work on the Ocean Floor| location=New York City| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2012| pages=[https://archive.org/details/sealabamericasfo0000hell/page/147 147]–148, 327| isbn=978-0-7432-4745-0| lccn=2011015725| url=https://archive.org/details/sealabamericasfo0000hell| url-access=registration}}</ref> When the SEALAB II mission ended on 10 October 1965, there were plans for Tuffy also to take part in SEALAB III.<ref>{{cite news| magazine=[[Popular Mechanics]]| date=July 1967| volume=128| issue=1| publisher=[[The Hearst Corporation]]| location=New York City| title=TUFFY—The Navy's Deep Sea Lifeguard| author=Tom Stimson| pages=66–69, 178| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x9MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66| access-date=February 9, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Hellwarth2">[https://books.google.com/books?id=V4sbNMwQJI4C&pg=PT173 Hellwarth], p. 173.</ref>
 
A sidenote from SEALAB II was a congratulatory [[telephone]] call that was arranged for Carpenter and [[President of the United States|President]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]. Carpenter was calling from a [[Diving chamber#Hyperbaric chamber|decompression chamber]] with [[helium]] gas replacing [[nitrogen]], so Carpenter sounded unintelligible to operators.<ref name="NPR">{{cite web| url=https://www.npr.org/programs/lnfsound/stories/991015.stories.html| title=Lost and Found Sound: The Stories - LBJ & the Helium Filled Astronaut| year=1999| publisher=The Kitchen Sisters| access-date=February 9, 2012}}</ref> The tape of the call circulated for years{{when|date=February 2020}} among Navy divers{{who|date=February 2020}} before it was aired on [[National Public Radio]] in 1999.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3378056 LBJ & the Helium-Filled Astronaut - Lost and Found Sound: A Bizarre Phone Conversation], [[All Things Considered]], October 15, 1999</ref><ref>{{YouTube | id=Gg0pMbc7Opk | title=Astronaut Scott Carpenter Speaks to President Johnson from a Helium-Atmosphere Decompression Chamber}}</ref>

In 2002, a group of researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography's [[High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network]] boarded the {{MV|Kellie Chouest}} and used a [[Scorpio ROV]] to find the site of the SEALAB habitat.<ref name=HPWREN2002/> This expedition was the first return to the site since the habitat was moved.<ref name=HPWREN2002>{{cite web| title=Wireless tests aboard US Navy ship include exploration of USN/SIO Sea Lab II| publisher=[[High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network]]| date=February 13, 2002 | url=http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/news/020213.html| access-date=February 18, 2011}}</ref>