Editing STMicroelectronics (section)

==Manufacturing facilities==
Unlike [[fabless semiconductor company|fabless semiconductor companies]], STMicroelectronics owns and operates its own semiconductor [[Wafer (electronics)|wafer]] [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]]s. The company owned five 8-inch (200&nbsp;mm) wafer fabs and 1 12-inch (300&nbsp;mm) wafer fab in 2006.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} Most of the production is scaled at 0.18&nbsp;μm, 0.13&nbsp;μm, 90&nbsp;nm and 65&nbsp;nm (measurements of transistor gate length). STMicroelectronics also owns back-end plants, where silicon dies are assembled and bonded into plastic or ceramic packages.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/about/st_company_information/who-we-are.html
| title = Company Information - STMicroelectronics
| access-date = 2011-05-04
| publisher = STMicroelectronics
| quote = ST operates a worldwide network of front-end (wafer fabrication) and back-end (assembly and test and packaging) plants
| archive-date = 2013-02-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130203012056/http://www.st.com/internet/com/about_st/st_company_information.jsp
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

Major sites include: {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

===Grenoble, France===
[[Grenoble]] is one of the company's most important R&D centres, employing around 4,000 staff. The Polygone site employs 2,200 staff and is one of the historical bases of the company (ex SGS). All the historical wafer [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] lines are now closed but the site hosts the headquarters of many divisions (marketing, design, industrialization) and a R&D centre, focused on silicon and software design and fab process development.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date=2013-07-24 |title=STMicroelectronics celebrates "Nano2017" R&D program at Crolles facility |publisher=powersystemsdesign.com |url=https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/d-program-at-crolles-facility/36/702}}</ref>

The [[Crolles]] site hosts a {{convert|200|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} and a {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} fab and was originally built as a common R&D centre for submicrometre technologies as part of the 1990 ''Grenoble 92'' partnership between SGS-Thomson and [[Centre national d'études des télécommunications|CNET]], the R&D center of French telecom company '''France Telecom'''.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date= |title=The Controversy over Offshoring: Power, Resistance and Translations in the French Semiconductor Industry |publisher=strategie-aims.com |url=https://www.strategie-aims.com/conferences/23-xxiieme-conference-de-l-aims/communications/2894-the-controversy-over-offshoring-power-resistance-and-translations-in-the-french-semiconductor-industry/download}}</ref>

The {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} fab was inaugurated by French president [[Jacques Chirac]], on 27 February 2003. It includes an R&D centre which focuses on developing new nanometric technology processes for 90-nm to 32-nm scale using {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} wafers and it was developed for ''The Crolles 2 Alliance''. This alliance of STMicroelectronics, [[TSMC]], [[NXP Semiconductors]] (formerly [[Philips]] semiconductor) and [[Freescale]] (formerly [[Motorola]] semiconductor) partnered in 2002 to develop the facility and to work together on process development.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date= |title=Crolles2 Alliance Facility Expansion, Crolles |publisher=semiconductor-technology.com |url=https://www.semiconductor-technology.com/projects/crolles/}}</ref> The technologies developed at the facility were also used by global semiconductor [[foundry]] [[TSMC]] of Taiwan, allowing TSMC to build the products developed in Crolles on behalf of the Alliance partners who required such foundry capacity.

===Rousset, France===
Employing around 3,000 staff, [[Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône|Rousset]] hosts several division headquarters including [[smartcard]]s, [[microcontrollers]], and [[EEPROM]] as well as several R&D centers. Rousset also hosts an 8-inch (200-mm) fab, which was opened on May 15, 2000 by French prime minister [[Lionel Jospin]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date= 2023-11-03 |date=2023-04-18 |title=ST's Manufacturing Strategy – the Key to Business Success |publisher=eletimes.com |url=https://www.eletimes.com/sts-manufacturing-strategy-the-key-to-business-success}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date= |title=STMicroelectronics Inaugurates New 8 in.-200mm- Wafer Fab in Rousset |publisher=wirelessdesignonline.com |url=https://www.wirelessdesignonline.com/doc/stmicroelectronics-inaugurates-new-8-in-200mm-0001 }}</ref>

The site opened in 1979 as a {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] operated by Eurotechnique, a joint venture between [[Saint-Gobain]] of France and [[National Semiconductor]] of the US. Rousset was sold to Thomson-CSF in 1982 as part of the French government's 1981–82 nationalization of several industries. As part of the nationalisation, a former Thomson plant in the center of [[Aix-en-Provence]] operating since the 1960s was closed and staff were transferred to the new Rousset site. The original {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] was upgraded into {{convert|130|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} and later {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab in 1996. It is now being shut down. The site also has a "Wafer Level Chip Scale Packaging" accreditation for eSIM ICs.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2018-06-27 |title=ST Offers eSIMs at Wafer Level |publisher=eetimes.com |url=https://www.eetimes.com/st-offers-esims-at-wafer-level/}}</ref>

In 1988, a small group of employees from the Thomson Rousset plant (including the director, Marc Lassus) founded a start-up company, [[Gemalto]] (formerly known as [[Gemplus]]), which became a leader in the smartcard industry.

===Tours, France===
Employing 1,500 staff, this site hosts a [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] and R&D centres.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2018-08-24 |title=STMicroelectronics and Leti Develop GaN-on-Silicon Technology for Power Conversion Applications |publisher=leti-cea.com |url=https://www.leti-cea.com/cea-tech/leti/english/Pages/What's-On/Press%20release/STMicroelectronics-and-Leti-Develop-GaN-on-Silicon-Technology-for-Power-Conversion-Applications.aspx}}</ref>

===Milan, Italy===
Employing 6,000 staff, the Milan facilities match Grenoble in importance. [[Agrate Brianza]] employs around 4,000 staff and is a historical base of the company (ex SGS). The site has several [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] lines (including a {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab) and an R&D center.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2021-12-15 |title=STMicro and Politecnico di Milano expand R&D capabilities |publisher=evertiq.com |url=https://evertiq.com/design/51113}}</ref> [[Settimo Milanese|Castelletto]], employs 300 to 400 staff and hosts some divisions and R&D centres.

=== Catania, Italy ===
The [[Catania]] plant in [[Sicily]] employs 5,000 staff and hosts several [[Research and development|R&D centers]] and divisions, focusing on [[flash memory]] technologies as well as two [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|fabs]]. The plant was launched in 1961 by ATES to supply under licensing to [[RCA]] of the US and initially using [[germanium]]. The site's two major wafer fabs are a {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab, opened in April 1997 by then-Italian Prime Minister [[Romano Prodi]], and a {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab that has never been completed and which was transferred in its current state to "Numonyx" in 2008. A new manufacturing facility for silicon carbide ([[Silicon carbide|SiC]]) substrates of 150&nbsp;mm should open here in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emilio |first=Maurizio Di Paolo |date=2022-10-05 |title=SiC Substrate Manufacturing Facility |url=https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/silicon-carbide-substrate-manufacturing-facility-in-italy/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Power Electronics News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005140015/https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/silicon-carbide-substrate-manufacturing-facility-in-italy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2022, the EU supported STMicroelectronics for the construction of a silicon carbide wafer plant in Catania with €293 million through the Recovery and Resilience Facility to be completed in 2026, and in line with the [[European Chips Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=EU Press corner |date=2022-10-05 |title=State aid: Commission approves €292.5 million Italian measure under Recovery and Resilience Facility to support STMicroelectronics in construction of a plant in the semiconductor value chain |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=European Commission - European Commission |language=en |archive-date=2020-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825095835/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Caserta, Italy===
STmicro eSIM and SIM production facility for embedded form factor eSIM.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2018-07-16 |title=What Is an eSIM? The Pros, Cons, and Seeming Inevitability of Embedded SIM ICs |publisher= |url=https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/what-is-an-esim-embedded-sim-IC-STMicroelectronics-GSMA-accreditation/}}</ref>

===Kirkop, Malta===
As of 2010, ST employed around 1,800 people in [[Kirkop]], making it the largest [[private sector]] [[Employer#Employer-worker relationship|employer]], and the country's leading [[exporter]].<ref>{{cite web |date=29 June 2010 |url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20100629/local/st-to-invest-further-in-malta-plant |title=ST Microelectronics announces investment in Malta |website=timesofmalta.com |access-date=2013-07-10 |archive-date=2010-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702223848/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20100629/local/st-to-invest-further-in-malta-plant |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Singapore===
In 1970, SGS created its first assembly [[Back end of line|back-end]] plant in Singapore, in the area of [[Toa Payoh]]. Then in 1981, SGS decided to build a wafer
[[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] in Singapore. Converted up to {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab, this is now an important {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} wafer fab of the group. Ang Mo Kio also hosts some design centres.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2020-10-30 |title=STMicroelectronics establishes world's first Lab-in-Fab in Singapore |publisher=semimedia.cc |url=https://www.semimedia.cc/8550.html}}</ref> As of 2004, the site employed 6,000 staff.<ref>{{cite web|access-date= 2023-11-14 |date=2004-12-02 |title=STMicro to continue investing in Singapore technology park |publisher=siliconsemiconductor.net |url=https://siliconsemiconductor.net/article/67189/STMicro_to_continue_investing_in_Singapore_technology_park}}</ref>

===Tunis, Tunisia===
Application, design and support. about 110 employees.

===Bouskoura, Morocco===
Founded in 1979 as a radiofrequency products facility, the Bouskoura site now hosts back-end manufacturing activity, which includes chip testing and packaging.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2021-07-30 |title=STMicroelectronics‌ ‌Bouskoura‌ ‌Launches‌ ‌Expansion,‌ ‌Eying‌ ‌Top‌ ‌Spot‌ ‌in‌ ‌Industry‌ ‌4.0‌ |publisher=moroccoworldnews.com |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/07/343677/stmicroelectronics-bouskoura-launches-expansion-eying-top-spot-in-industry-4-0}}</ref> Since 2022 it also features a production line for silicon carbide products that primarily will be used in electric vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2022-06-08 |title=STMicroelectronics Opens New Plant for Electric Car Parts in Morocco |publisher=moroccoworldnews.com |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/06/349561/stmicroelectronics-opens-new-plant-for-electric-car-parts-in-morocco}}</ref>

===Norrköping, Sweden===
The Norrköping plant is a wafer fab that, at the start of production in 2021, was the first to produce 200mm (8&nbsp;in) Silicone Carbide wafers. The wafers are mostly used for SiC power devices.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2021-08-12 |title=STMicroelectronics Begins Producing 200mm Silicon Carbide Wafers |publisher=eepower.com |url=https://eepower.com/new-industry-products/stmicroelectronics-begins-producing-200mm-silicon-carbide-wafers/}}</ref>