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Safflower
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===Plant development=== {{one source|section|date=October 2021}} Safflower usually emerges 1β3 weeks after sowing and grows slower under low temperatures. Germination of safflower is [[epigeal]]. The first true leaves emerging form a [[Rosette (botany)|rosette]]. This stage occurs in winter with short daylength and cold temperature, as the safflower can tolerate frosts up to {{cvt|-7|Β°C}} during the rosette stage. When temperature and daylength start to increase, the central stem begins to elongate and branch, growing more rapidly. Early sowing allows more time for developing a large rosette and more extensive branching, which results in a higher yield. Flowering is mainly influenced by daylength. The period from the end of flowering to maturity is usually 4 weeks. The total period from sowing to harvest maturity varies with variety, location, sowing time and growing conditions; for June or July sowings, it may be about 26β31 weeks.<ref name=":1" /> Both wild and cultivated forms have a diploid set of 2n = 24 chromosomes. Crossings with ''Carthamus palaestinus'', ''Carthamus oxyacanthus'' and ''Carthamus persicus'' can produce fertile offspring.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
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