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Sandvik
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=== 1900–1980 === Sandvikens Jernverk was listed on the [[Nasdaq Stockholm|Stockholm Stock Exchange]] in 1901.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> In 1907, production of hollow rock drill steels began, and by the 1920s, the company was considered internationally leading in that product area.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="NE_Sandvik">{{cite web | url = https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/sandvik-ab | title = Sandvik AB | first1 = Carl | last1 = Lindberg | first2 = Sten | last2 = Persson | access-date = 22 February 2023 | website = Nationalencyklopedin | language = sv }}</ref> In 1914, the company established its first sales subsidiary outside of Sweden, in [[Birmingham]], UK. Further foreign subsidiaries were opened 1919 in the United States, 1923 in France, and 1926 in [[Canada]].<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> In the 1920s, the company began melting [[stainless steel]], and in 1924, it started producing its first stainless seamless tubes. In 1932, it acquired a license to use a new method for cold-rolling tubes, called [[wiktionary:pilgering|pilgering]], and in 1934, it became the first European company to use the method at industrial scale.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="Jernverk1937" /> In 1937, there were subsidiaries in 37 countries.<ref name="NE_Sandvik" /> [[World War II]] forced the company to reorganize production. Exports were halved, but demand from the Swedish military for grenades prevented a corporate crisis.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> Already before the war, the company had wanted to enter the [[cemented carbide]] tool market, but the patent situation was complicated, and it was unable to find a suitable business partner. However, in 1942, it entered into an agreement with the ''Lumalampan'' subsidiary of [[Kooperativa Förbundet]]. Lumalampan mainly produced [[tungsten light bulb]]s but also made [[tungsten carbide]] tips for grenades, as well as its own carbide tools for filament [[wire drawing]], and thus possessed the required technology. In the same year, the ''Sandvik Coromant'' brand was registered for cemented carbide products, and the company started working on tools for metal cutting and rock drilling. Metal cutting tools were successfully produced beginning in 1943, but it took several more years to develop sufficiently durable rock drilling tools.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> [[Bessemer process|Bessemer]] steel production was discontinued in [[Sandviken]] in 1947. In the same year, the company became the exclusive supplier of cemented carbide rock drill steels to ''Atlas Diesel'' (later known as [[Atlas Copco]]).<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> In the 1950s, the company expanded its cemented carbide production capacity by building factories in new locations. A workshop that was opened in the small town of [[Gimo, Sweden|Gimo]] in 1951 gradually expanded into a major production facility, and in 1953, a factory was opened in the Västberga district of [[Stockholm]]. By then, rock drills had emerged as the most important cemented carbide product area for the company.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="nf1957sandviken">{{Runeberg |filename=nffr |htmlno=0442 |chapter=Sandvikens jernverks ab. |year=1957 |name=Nordisk Familjebok |language = sv }}</ref> In 1967, Sandvikens Jernverk had 40 subsidiaries and sales in 100 countries. The company changed its name to ''Sandvik AB'' in 1972.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> In 1979, Sandvik acquired the British company ''Osprey''.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /> Steel [[conveyor belt]]s of various types had been part of the product range since 1902, and in 1980, a conveyor-belt-based system called ''Rotoform'' for [[granulation]] of liquid chemicals was developed.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />
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