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Satellite state
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===Post-World War II=== At the end of [[World War II]], most Eastern and Central European countries were occupied by the Soviet Union,<ref name="wettig69">{{Harvnb|Wettig|2008|p=69}}</ref> and along with the Soviet Union made up what is called the [[Soviet empire]]. Soviet forces remained in these countries after the war's end.<ref name="rao280">{{Harvnb|Rao|2006|p=280}}</ref> Through a series of coalition governments including [[Communist party|communist parties]], and then a forced liquidation of coalition members opposed by the Soviets, [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] systems were established in each country.<ref name="rao280" /> Stalinists gained control of existing governments, police, press and radio outlets in these countries.<ref name="rao280" /> Soviet satellite states of the Cold War included:<ref name="rao280" /><ref name="Langley">{{Harvnb|Langley|2006|p=30}}</ref><ref name="Merkl">{{Harvnb|Merkl|2004|p=53}}</ref><ref name="Rajagopal">{{Harvnb|Rajagopal|2003|p=75}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|People's Republic of Albania}} [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|People's Republic of Albania]] (1946–1961) * {{Flagicon|Polish People's Republic}} [[Polish People's Republic]] (1947–1989) * {{Flagicon|People's Republic of Bulgaria}} [[People's Republic of Bulgaria]] (1946–1990) * {{Flagicon|Romanian People's Republic}} [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]] (1947–1965) * {{Flagicon|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}} [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] (1948–1989) * {{Flagicon|DDR}} [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (1949–1990) * {{Flagicon|Hungarian People's Republic|1949}} [[Hungarian People's Republic]] (1949–1989) * {{flagicon|Yugoslavia|1945}} [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1945–1948) * {{flagicon|Mongolian People's Republic}} [[Mongolian People's Republic]] (1925–1991) * {{flagicon|North Korea}} [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] (1948–1956) * {{flagicon|Afghanistan|1987}}{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan}} [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] (1978–1991) Albania, Romania, and Yugoslavia ceased to be satellites before the [[revolutions of 1989]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1EsAAAAYAAJ&q=Romania+managed|title=Social Defence and Soviet Military Power: An Inquiry Into the Relevance of an Alternative Defence Concept : Report|first=Alex Peter|last=Schmid|date=October 19, 1985|publisher=Center for the Study of Social Conflict (C.O.M.T.), State University of Leiden|isbn=9789034607386|via=Google Books}}</ref> The [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]] is considered an early Soviet satellite,<ref name="rao280" /><ref name="Langley" /> as it broke from Soviet orbit in the 1948 [[Tito–Stalin split]], with the [[Cominform]] offices being moved from [[Belgrade]] to [[Bucharest]], and Yugoslavia subsequently formed the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. The [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania]], under the leadership of [[Enver Hoxha]], broke ties with the Soviet Union in the [[Albanian–Soviet split]] following the Soviet [[de-Stalinization|de-Stalinisation]] process,<ref name="olsen19">{{Harvnb|Olsen|2000|p=19}}</ref> and removed itself from Soviet influence in 1961.<ref name="auto"/> Romania's [[De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania|de-satellization process]] started in 1956 and ended by 1965,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tEFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185|title=The Balkans Since the Second World War|first=R. J.|last=Crampton|date=July 15, 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317891178|via=Google Books}}</ref> with serious economic disagreements with Moscow resulting in a final rejection of Soviet hegemony in 1964.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6mFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA758|title=Political Handbook of the World 1998|date=February 1, 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781349149513|via=Google Books}}</ref> From 1945 to 1948 [[North Korea]] was under [[Soviet Civil Administration]], following this provisional governments were established under the [[Provisional People's Committee of North Korea]] and [[People's Committee of North Korea]] resulting in the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1948. Some scholars consider North Korea a satellite state under the Soviet Union from 1948 until the 1958 [[August faction incident]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Armstrong|first=Charles K.|url=https://apjjf.org/-Charles-K--Armstrong/3460/article.pdf|title=The Destruction and Reconstruction of North Korea, 1950–1960|journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal|volume=8|issue=51|date=20 December 2010|access-date=13 September 2019|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116204532/https://apjjf.org/-Charles-K--Armstrong/3460/article.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The short-lived [[Second East Turkestan Republic|East Turkestan Republic]] (1944–1949) was a Soviet satellite until [[Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China|it was absorbed into]] the [[China|People's Republic of China]]. Between 1945 and the [[Iran crisis of 1946]] the [[Azerbaijan People's Government]] and [[Republic of Mahabad]] existed as satellite states in Soviet-occupied Iran. The [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] was a satellite regime of the Soviet Union from 1978 to 1991. Between 1979 and 1989, Afghanistan was also under [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet military occupation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Azmi |first=Muhammad R. |date=Spring 1986 |title=Soviet Politico-Military Penetration in Afghanistan, 1955 to 1979 |journal=Armed Forces & Society |volume=12 |issue=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45304853 |publisher=Sage Publishing |pages=343, 344 |doi=10.1177/0095327X8601200301 |jstor=45304853|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Amstutz |first=J. Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUSNyMH1aFQC |title=Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation |date=1 July 1994 |publisher=Diane Publishing |isbn=9780788111112 |pages=52, 59, 190, 343}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cordovez, S. Harrison |last2=S. Harrison |first1=Deigo, Selig |first2=Selig |title=Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-19-506294-9 |location=New York, USA |page=29}}</ref>
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