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Satmar
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===In America=== A year after his daughter's death in Jerusalem,<ref name=myers/> Teitelbaum chose to move to the United States, arriving in New York aboard the [[MS Vulcania|''MS'' ''Vulcania'']] on 26 September 1946.<ref name=ancestry/> Teitelbaum settled in [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]], along with a small group of followers, and set out to re-establish his sect, which had been destroyed in [[the Holocaust]]. His arrival in America allowed him to fully implement his views: The [[Separation of church and state in the United States|separation of religion and state]] enabled the Satmar dynasty, as well as numerous other Jewish groups, to establish independent communities, unlike the state-regulated structures in Central Europe.<ref name=mintz/>{{rp|30}} In April 1948, his adherents founded "Congregation Yetev Lev", which was registered as a [[religious corporation]].<ref name=rubin/>{{rp|47}} Teitelbaum appointed Leopold Friedman (1904β1972), a former bank director, as the congregation's president, while he was declared supreme spiritual authority. After Friedman's death, he was replaced by Leopold (Leibish) Lefkowitz (1920β1998).<ref name=mintz/> Teitelbaum's policy was to maintain complete independence by refusing to affiliate with, or receive financial aid from, any other Jewish group;<ref name=kranzler/> his Hasidim established a network of businesses that provided an economic base for the community's own social institutions.<ref name=mintz/>{{rp|32β34}} The Satmar group grew rapidly, attracting many new followers. A 1961 survey established that its Williamsburg community included 4,500 people. From the 860 household heads, about 40 percent had been neither Satmar nor Sighet Hasidim in the pre-war years.<ref name=rubin/>{{rp|47, 262}} In 1968, Satmar was already New York's largest Hasidic group, with 1,300 households in the city. In addition, there are many Satmar Hasidim in other parts of the United States, and worldwide.<ref name=mintz2/> As part of his vision of complete isolation from the outside world, Teitelbaum encouraged his followers to make [[Yiddish]] their primary language, though many had previously used [[German language|German]] or [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], being immigrants from former [[Kingdom of Hungary|Greater Hungary]]. The sect has its own Yiddish-oriented education system and several publishing houses which provide extensive reading material. Teitelbaum's work in this matter made him, according to Bruce Mitchell, the "most influential figure" in the maintenance of the language in the post-war period.<ref name="mitchell" /> The uniformity of Satmar in America made it easier to teach young people the language, unlike in Europe: George Kranzler noted that by 1961 the children spoke Yiddish much better than their parents.<ref name="kranzler2" /> On 23 February 1968, Teitelbaum suffered a stroke, which left him barely able to function. His second wife, Alte Feiga, administered the sect for the remainder of Teitelbaum's life, with the assistance of several Satmar functionaries.<ref name=mintz2/>{{rp|85}} In 1974, the sect began constructing the housing project [[Kiryas Joel, New York|Kiryas Joel]] in [[Monroe, New York]], for its members. It was accorded an independent municipal status in 1977.<ref name=mintz2/>{{rp|207}} On August 19, 1979, Teitelbaum died of a heart attack.
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