Editing Savoy Palace (section)

==Savoy Hospital==
[[File:Savoy on Norden's map.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The arrow added to this 1593 map of [[Westminster]] indicates the Savoy.]]
[[File:SavoyPalace1650Hollar.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The Savoy Hospital in 1650, drawn by [[Wenceslaus Hollar]]]]

It was here that [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] founded the '''Savoy Hospital''' for poor, needy people, endowing it with land and leaving instructions for it in his will.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=35379 |title=VCH: "Hospital of the Savoy" |publisher=British-history.ac.uk |date=2003-06-22 |access-date=2011-12-21}}</ref> In 1512, [[letters patent]] issued by Henry's successor, [[Henry VIII]], established the hospital as a [[body corporate]] consisting of a master and four chaplains, enabling it to acquire the land and begin building; the first office-holders appear to have been appointed in 1517.<ref name="BHO"/> The grand structure ('dedicated to the honour of the Blessed Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and St. John the Baptist')<ref name="BHO"/> was the most impressive hospital of its time in the country and the first to benefit from permanent medical staff. It consisted of a large [[cruciform]] arrangement of dormitories, around which were placed the chapel, separate lodgings for the master and other officials, domestic ranges and a tower, which served among other things as a secure treasury and archive.<ref name="BHO"/> Statutes published in 1523 stipulated a distinct role for each chaplain (namely [[seneschal]], [[sacristan]], [[confessor]] and hospitaller) and listed several other officials, including a [[matron]], who was assisted by twelve other women. Each evening, an hour before sunset, the hospitaller, vice-matrons and others opened the gates and admitted the poor, who went first to the chapel to pray for the founder, then to the dormitory where they were allotted a bed for the night; the matron's staff were also to see that the men were bathed and their clothing washed. In the morning they departed (though the sick were allowed to remain and were attended to).<ref name="BHO"/>

From early in its existence the hospital appears to have been prone to mismanagement.<ref name="LondonEncyc">"Savoy Palace" in [[Ben Weinreb]] and [[Christopher Hibbert]] (1983) ''The London Encyclopaedia''</ref> An inquiry into its administration was held in 1535. In 1553 the foundation was suppressed by King [[Edward VI]], only to be refounded three years later by Queen [[Mary I|Mary]]. In 1570 the master, [[Thomas Thurland]], was removed for abuse of office,<ref name="BHO"/> after removing the hospital's treasures, selling its beds, burdening it with a private debt (of £2,500), and engaging in sexual relations with the staff.<ref name="LondonEncyc"/> Thereafter the hospital's fortunes waned. Buildings in the precincts were converted into houses for the nobility (and in the course of the 17th century several were given over to tradesmen). During the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] it was requisitioned to serve as a military hospital. When [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] came to the throne, he re-established the hospital under its former statutes; however, in 1670 some of the buildings were again taken over by the military (for the use of men wounded in the [[Dutch Wars]]),<ref name="BHO"/> and in 1679 the Great Dormitory and the Sisters' Lodgings were converted into [[barracks]] for the Foot Guards.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Osborne|first1=Mike|title=Defending London: A Military History from Conquest to Cold War|date=2012|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud, Gloucs.}}</ref> By this time the nobility had vacated their houses within the precincts, and a number of tradespeople had moved in, including glove-makers, printers and leather-sellers. In 1695 a military prison was built on part of the site by [[Sir Christopher Wren]].<ref name="LondonEncyc"/>

The [[Savoy Conference]] had been held here in 1661 between Anglican bishops and leading [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformists]], which had led indirectly to the establishment within the precincts of a variety of chapels for different nonconformist congregations. [[French Protestant Church of London|French Protestants]] were given use of the 'Little Chapel' at that time (it was rebuilt for them by Wren in 1685); the [[German Lutherans]] were given the former Sisters' Hall to serve as a church in 1694. A German [[Calvinist]] Chapel and a [[Quaker Meeting House]] were also provided on the site.<ref name="LondonEncyc"/>

A commission appointed by King [[William III of England|William III]] reported that the hospital's main function, relief of the poor, was being utterly neglected; it made recommendations, but these were not enacted.<ref name="BHO"/> In 1702, the office of master being vacant, Sir [[Nathan Wright (judge)|Nathan Wright]], [[Lord Keeper of the Great Seal]], dismissed the remaining chaplains and formally declared the hospital foundation dissolved.<ref name="BHO"/>

===List of masters of the Savoy Hospital===
[[File:The church and hospital of Savoy, London; bird's-eye view fr Wellcome V0013830.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|View of the Savoy in 1736, from ''[[Vetusta Monumenta]]''.]] 
[[File:Plan of the savoy 1736.png|thumb|300px|Plan of the Savoy precincts in 1736]]

The masters of the Savoy were:<ref name="BHO">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=35379 |title=Hospitals – Hospital of the Savoy &#124; A History of the County of London: Volume 1 (pp. 546–549) |publisher=British-history.ac.uk |date=2003-06-22 |access-date=2011-12-21}}</ref>

*1517 William Hogill <small>(occurs 1529 and 1541)</small>
*1551 [[Robert Bowes (lawyer)|Robert Bowes]]
*1553 [[Ralph Jackson (priest)|Ralph Jackson]] <small>(reappointed 1556)</small><ref>{{cite book|last=Loftie|first=William John|date=1878|title=Memorials of the Savoy|pages=[https://archive.org/details/memorialsofsavoy00loftuoft/page/110 110]–114|place=London|publisher=Macmillan and Co|url=https://archive.org/details/memorialsofsavoy00loftuoft|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>
*{{circa|1559}} [[Thomas Thurland]] <small>(occurs 1559 and 1561, deposed 1570)</small>
*{{circa|1570}} William Mount <small>(died 1602)</small>
*1602 [[Richard Neile]]
*1608 [[George Montaigne]] <small>(appointed [[Bishop of Lincoln]] 1617)</small>
*1618 [[Walter Balcanquhall]] <small>(appointed and resigned 1618)</small>
*1618 [[Marco Antonio de Dominis]] <small>(resigned 1621)</small>
*1621 Walter Balcanquhall <small>(deposed 1645)</small><ref name="HL">{{cite book|title=Journals of the House of Lords|volume=8|page=81|year=1645|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZiZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>
*1629 [[John Wilson (Dean of Ripon)|John Wilson]]
*1645 [[John Bond (jurist)|John Bond]]<ref name="HL"/><ref>{{cite ODNB|id=2826|title=Bond, John|first=Stephen|last=Wright}}</ref>
*1658 [[William Hooke (minister)|William Hooke]]<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=13688|title=Hooke, William|first=Susan Hardman|last=Moore}}</ref>
*1660 [[Gilbert Sheldon]] <small>(appointed [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] 1663)</small>
*1663 [[Henry Killigrew (playwright)|Henry Killigrew]] <small>(died 1700)</small><ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Killigrew, Henry (1613–1700)|first=George Atherton|last=Aitken
|authorlink=George Atherton Aitken|volume=31}}</ref>
*1700–1702 ''Vacant''