Editing Scarlet ibis (section)

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Head of Scarlet Ibis.jpg|thumb|left|Head of scarlet ibis]]
The range of the scarlet ibis is very large, and colonies are found throughout vast areas of South America and the Caribbean islands. Native flocks exist in [[Brazil]]; [[Colombia]]; [[French Guiana]]; [[Guyana]]; [[Suriname]]; and [[Venezuela]], as well as the islands of the [[Netherlands Antilles]], and [[Trinidad and Tobago]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Flocks gather in [[wetlands]] and other marshy habitats, including mud flats, shoreline and [[rainforest]].<ref name=UWI2011/> Outlying colonies have been identified in the coastal areas of the states of [[Espírito Santo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (for example in the Santos-Cubatão mangroves of the [[Baixada Santista]] district), [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] and  [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]].<ref name=olmos01>{{cite journal|author1=Olmos, Fábio|author2=Silva E Silva, Robson |year=2001|title=Breeding Biology and Nest Site Characteristics of the Scarlet Ibis in Southeastern Brazil|journal=Waterbirds|volume=24|issue=1|pages=58–67|jstor=1522244 |doi=10.2307/1522244}}</ref> In recent years, bird colonies can be seen as far south as in the coastal areas of [[Joinville]] and the island of [[São Francisco do Sul]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=AVESCATARINENSES :: ANIMAIS|url=http://www.avescatarinenses.com.br/animais/1-aves/550-guara/4322|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.avescatarinenses.com.br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Leitora flagra ave rara na Baía da Babitonga, litoral Norte do Estado|url=https://www.nsctotal.com.br/noticias/leitora-flagra-ave-rara-na-baia-da-babitonga-litoral-norte-do-estado|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.nsctotal.com.br|language=pt-BR}}</ref>

The highest concentrations are found in the [[Llanos]] region of western Venezuela and eastern Colombia. The fertile and remote [[tropical grassland]] [[plain]] of the Llanos provides a safe haven far from human encroachment.<ref name=Moss42/> Together with its relative the [[bare-faced ibis]], the scarlet ibis is remarkably prolific and conspicuous in the region.<ref name=HiltySchauensee>{{Cite book |last1=Hilty |first1=Steven L. |last2=de Schauensee |first2=Rodolphe Meyer |title=Birds of Venezuela |year=2003 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-09250-8 |pages=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40mFwoALUFUC&pg=PA218 |access-date=12 December 2011 }}</ref>

Scarlet ibis [[Vagrancy (biology)|vagrants]] have been identified in Belize, Ecuador, and Panama; Aruba, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, and Jamaica; sightings have even been made in the United States.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> The species may well have been a natural vagrant to the [[Gulf Coast]] in the 19th century or earlier – in ''[[The Birds of America]]'', [[John James Audubon]] made brief remarks regarding three ''rubra'' specimens he encountered in Louisiana.<ref name= "[[John James Audubon|Audubon]]|">{{Cite book|last= Audubon|first=John James |author-link=John James Audubon |title=The Birds of America |volume=VI |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4RIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA53 |access-date=12 December 2011 |year=1843 |publisher=J.J. Audubon|pages=53 }}</ref> However, virtually all modern occurrences of the species in North America have been introduced or escaped birds. In one notable example from 1962, scarlet ibis eggs were placed in white ibis nests in Florida's [[Greynolds Park]], and the resulting population hybridised easily, producing "pink ibises" that are still occasionally seen.<ref name=Peterson>{{Cite book |last1=Peterson |first1=Roger Tory |last2=Peterson |first2=Virginia Marie |author-link=Roger Tory Peterson |title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Eastern and Central North America |year=2002 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-395-74047-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetobird00pete_0/page/47 47] |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetobird00pete_0 |url-access=registration |access-date=12 December 2011 }}</ref><ref name="zahl67">{{Cite journal |last=Zahl |first=Paul A. |year=1967 |title=New Scarlet Ibis In Florida Skies |journal=National Geographic |volume=132 |pages=874–882 }}</ref>