Editing Sciences Po (section)

=== 1945: Refoundation ===
Sciences Po underwent significant reforms in the aftermath of [[World War II]] in 1945. At [[Liberation of Paris|France's liberation]] from [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Nazi occupation]], the public servants were accused of collaborating with the [[Vichy regime]] and [[Nazi Germany]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/stories/frise/de-l-ecole-libre-a-sciences-po |title=1945: From the École libre to Sciences Po |website=Sciences Po Stories |access-date=7 August 2024 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527191209/https://www.sciencespo.fr/stories/frise/de-l-ecole-libre-a-sciences-po |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813084954/http://www.charles-de-gaulle.com/the-stateman/the-modernisation-of-the-country/reform-of-the-civil-service.html |url=http://www.charles-de-gaulle.com/the-stateman/the-modernisation-of-the-country/reform-of-the-civil-service.html |title=Reform of the civil service |archive-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> Communist politicians including [[Georges Cogniot]] accused the school to be the "home of collaboration" with Nazi Germany<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and proposed abolishing the ELSP entirely and founding a new state-run administration college on its premises.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCfPBj-7g2IC&q=Reform,+Conservation+and+Adaptation:+Sciences+Po,+from+the+Popular+Front+to+the+Liberation&pg=PA115 |title=The Jacobin Legacy in Modern France: Essays in Honour of Vincent Wright |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199256464 |location=Oxford |page=138 |last1=Nord |first1=Philip |access-date=20 October 2020 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409131955/https://books.google.com/books?id=rCfPBj-7g2IC&q=Reform,+Conservation+and+Adaptation:+Sciences+Po,+from+the+Popular+Front+to+the+Liberation&pg=PA115 |url-status=live}}</ref> The school, however, had also trained eight out of the thirteen ministers of the [[Provisional Government of the French Republic]], and several prominent members of the [[French Resistance]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Dejean |first=Mathieu |title=Sciences po, l'école de la domination |date=2023 |publisher=La Fabrique éditions |isbn=978-2-35872-253-7 |location=Paris}}</ref> In order for the school not to be replaced, the director Roger Seydoux, his aid Jacques Chapsal and the school's most famous professor, André Siegfried, excluded those among the school's staff who were most compromised with the Vichy regime and Nazi Germany, and defended the school against accusation of collaboration and built up a communication campaign to save the school.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

The choice regarding the future of the school would be made by France's Provisional Government, under [[Charles de Gaulle]]. The alumni [[Michel Debré]], [[Jules Jeanneney]] and Roger Grégoire decided that the school would be preserved but transformed in a new structure. Two separate legal entities were created: the ''Institut d'études politiques'' (English: Institute of political studies) and the ''Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques'' ({{langx|en|National Foundation of Political Science}}) or FNSP. Both were tasked by the French government to ensure "the progress and the spread, both within and outside France, of political science, economics, and sociology".<ref name="purpose" /> The FNSP, a private foundation, manages the ''IEP de Paris'', owns its buildings and libraries, and determines its budget. The two entities work together in lockstep, however, as the director of the school is, by tradition, also the administrator of FNSP. This institutional arrangement gives Sciences Po a unique status, as the school draws most of its resources through substantial government subsidies to FNSP, but does not subject it to many government interventions and regulations, giving it a much higher level of autonomy compared to other French universities and schools.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The epithet ''Sciences Po'' is applied to both entities, which inherited the reputation previously vested in ''ELSP''.<ref name="duality">"Le statut juridique de Sciences Po: la dualité FNSP et IEP de Paris" ''[http://www.sciences-po.fr/presse/sciencespo_infos/cc/txt_1.htm Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040620154019/http://www.sciences-po.fr/presse/sciencespo_infos/cc/txt_1.htm |date=20 June 2004 }}''</ref>

The public-private nature of Sciences Po, Paris, also distinguishes it from a network of [[Institut d'études politiques|institutes of political studies]] throughout the country that were inspired by its curriculum, namely in [[Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg|Strasbourg]], [[Institut d'études politiques de Lyon|Lyon]], [[Sciences Po Aix|Aix]], [[Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]], [[Grenoble Institute of Political Studies|Grenoble]], [[Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse|Toulouse]], [[Institut d'études politiques de Rennes|Rennes]] and [[Sciences Po Lille|Lille]]. They are not to be confused with the seven campuses of Sciences Po in France.

The government also established in 1945 the [[École Nationale d'Administration]] (ENA), an elite postgraduate school for training government officials. From then on, the Grands Corps de l'Etat were obliged to recruit new entrants from ENA.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCfPBj-7g2IC&q=Reform,+Conservation+and+Adaptation:+Sciences+Po,+from+the+Popular+Front+to+the+Liberation&pg=PA115 |title=The Jacobin Legacy in Modern France: Essays in Honour of Vincent Wright |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199256464 |location=Oxford |page=141 |last1=Nord |first1=Philip |access-date=20 October 2020 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409131955/https://books.google.com/books?id=rCfPBj-7g2IC&q=Reform,+Conservation+and+Adaptation:+Sciences+Po,+from+the+Popular+Front+to+the+Liberation&pg=PA115 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sciences Po became the school of choice for those hoping to enter the ENA, and so retained its dominant place in educating high-ranking officials.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tntEAgAAQBAJ&q=International+Dictionary+of+University+Histories+ecole+nationale&pg=PA146 |title=International Dictionary of University Histories |date=1998 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers |isbn=9781134262175 |location=Chicago |page=147 |last1=Devine, Summerfield |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409132010/https://books.google.com/books?id=tntEAgAAQBAJ&q=International+Dictionary+of+University+Histories+ecole+nationale&pg=PA146 |url-status=live}}</ref>