Editing Scientometrics (section)

==Common scientometric indexes==
Indexes may be classified as [[article-level metrics]], [[author-level metrics]], and [[journal-level metrics]] depending on which feature they evaluate.

===Impact factor===
{{Main article|Impact factor}}
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an [[academic journal]] is a measure reflecting the yearly average number of [[citation]]s to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a [[proxy (statistics)|proxy]] for the relative importance of a journal within its field; journals with higher impact factors are often deemed to be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devised by [[Eugene Garfield]], the founder of the [[Institute for Scientific Information]] (ISI).

===Science Citation Index===
{{Main article|Science Citation Index}}
The Science Citation Index (SCI) is a [[citation index]] originally produced by the [[Institute for Scientific Information]] (ISI) and created by [[Eugene Garfield]]. It was officially launched in 1964. It is now owned by [[Clarivate Analytics]] (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of [[Thomson Reuters]]).<ref name=dimension>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Garfield |first1=E.
 |year=1955
 |title=Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas
 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]
 |volume=122 |issue=3159 |pages=108–111
 |bibcode=1955Sci...122..108G
 |doi=10.1126/science.122.3159.108
 |pmid=14385826
}}</ref><ref name=evolve>
{{cite journal
 |last=Garfield |first=Eugene
 |year=2011
 |title=The evolution of the Science Citation Index
 |url=http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/barcelona2007a.pdf
 |journal=[[International Microbiology]]
 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=65–69
 |doi=10.2436/20.1501.01.10
|pmid=17407063
 }}</ref><ref name=gOverview>
{{cite web
 |last=Garfield |first=Eugene
 |date=1963
 |title=Science Citation Index
 |url=http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/80.pdf
 |website=University of Pennsylvania Garfield Library
 |pages=v–xvi
 |access-date=2013-05-27
}}</ref><ref name=history-cite-indexing>
{{cite web
 |date=November 2010
 |title=History of Citation Indexing
 |url=https://clarivate.com/essays/history-citation-indexing/
 |publisher=[[Clarivate Analytics]]
 |access-date=2010-11-04
}}</ref> The larger version (Science Citation Index Expanded) covers more than 8,500 notable and significant [[Scientific journal|journals]], across 150 disciplines, from 1900 to the present. These are alternatively described as the world's leading journals of [[science]] and [[technology]], because of a rigorous selection process.<ref name=Expanded>
{{cite web
 |url=https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/products-services/scholarly-scientific-research/scholarly-search-and-discovery/science-citation-index-expanded.html
 |title=Science Citation Index Expanded
 |access-date=2017-01-17
}}</ref><ref name=wetland>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Ma |first1=Jiupeng
 |last2=Fu |first2=Hui-Zhen
 |last3=Ho |first3=Yuh-Shan
 |date=December 2012
 |title=The Top-cited Wetland Articles in Science Citation Index Expanded: characteristics and hotspots
 |journal=[[Environmental Earth Sciences]]
 |volume=70|issue=3|page=1039
 |bibcode=2009EnGeo..56.1247D
 |doi=10.1007/s12665-012-2193-y
|s2cid=18502338
 }}</ref><ref name=shan>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Ho |first1=Yuh-Shan
 |year=2012
 |title=The top-cited research works in the Science Citation Index Expanded
 |url=http://trend.asia.edu.tw/Publications/PDF/Scientometrics94,%201297.pdf
 |journal=[[Scientometrics (journal)|Scientometrics]]
 |volume=94 |issue=3 |page=1297
 |doi=10.1007/s11192-012-0837-z
|s2cid=1301373
 }}</ref>

===Acknowledgment index===
{{Main article|Acknowledgment index}}

An acknowledgment index (British acknowledgement index)<ref name="gram">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2012 |title=Acknowledgement vs. Acknowledgment |url=http://grammarist.com/spelling/acknowledgment-acknowledgement/}}</ref> is a method for [[Bibliographic index|indexing]] and analyzing acknowledgments in the [[scientific literature]] and, thus, quantifies the impact of [[acknowledgment (creative arts)|acknowledgments]]. Typically, a scholarly article has a section in which the authors acknowledge entities such as funding, technical staff, colleagues, etc. that have contributed materials or knowledge or have influenced or inspired their work. Like a [[citation index]], it measures influences on scientific work, but in a different sense; it measures institutional and economic influences as well as informal influences of individual people, ideas, and artifacts.
Unlike the impact factor, it does not produce a single overall metric, but analyzes the components separately. However, the total number of acknowledgments to an acknowledged entity can be measured and so can the number of citations to the papers in which the acknowledgment appears. The ratio of this total number of citations to the total number of papers in which the acknowledge entity appears can be construed as the impact of that acknowledged entity.<ref>{{cite conference |doi=10.1145/1088622.1088627 |title=Automatic acknowledgement indexing: expanding the semantics of contribution in the CiteSeer digital library |book-title=Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge capture |conference=K-CAP '05 |pages=19–26 |year=2005 |last1=Councill |first1=Isaac G. |last2=Giles |first2=C. Lee |author-link2=Lee Giles |last3=Han |first3=Hui |last4=Manavoglu |first4=Eren |isbn=1-59593-163-5 |citeseerx=10.1.1.59.1661}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.0407743101 |pmid=15601767 |title=Who gets acknowledged: Measuring scientific contributions through automatic acknowledgment indexing |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] |volume=101 |issue=51 |pages=17599–17604 |date=December 15, 2004 |last1=Giles |first1=C. L. |author-link1=Lee Giles |last2=Councill |first2=I. G. |bibcode=2004PNAS..10117599G |url=http://clgiles.ist.psu.edu/papers/PNAS-2004-Acknowledgements.pdf|pmc=539757 |doi-access=free }}</ref>