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==Geography== [[File:Titiwangsa Mountains from Ulu Yam.jpg|250px|thumb|The [[Titiwangsa Mountains]] in [[Ulu Yam]]]] Selangor, with an area of approximately 8,000 km², extends to the [[Peninsular Malaysia#Other features|west coast]] of [[Peninsular Malaysia]]. The state is bordered north by [[Bernam River]] from [[Perak]], south by [[Sepang River]] from [[Negeri Sembilan]], east and southeast by the [[Titiwangsa Mountains]] from [[Pahang]] and [[Negeri Sembilan]] and the [[Strait of Malacca]] on the west, and surrounds the [[Federal Territory (Malaysia)|Federal Territories]] of [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Putrajaya]]. [[File:Klang River - panoramio.jpg|249px|thumb|[[Klang River]], [[Klang (city)|Klang]]]] Topographically wise, Selangor is relatively level near the coast and gradually become more hilly and mountainous towards the east. The hill and mountain, surrounding the eastern and central portion of the state effectively forming a valley and a drainage basin of the [[Klang River]], known as the [[Klang Valley]], where most of the population are centered. The Klang Valley is often synonymously associated with another toponym, [[Greater Kuala Lumpur]], though both terms vary between each other. Being one of the most heavily urbanised regions in Malaysia and Southeast Asia, cities that make up Klang Valley include the state and royal capitals of [[Shah Alam]] and [[Klang (city)|Klang]], as well as the federal capital, [[Kuala Lumpur]], which is strategically situated in the heart of the state. It was once part of Selangor territory before it was [[1974 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur Agreement|ceded to the federal government]] in 1974 to form a [[Federal Territories (Malaysia)|Federal Territory]]. It was then followed by the 1995 cession of [[Prang Besar]] of Sepang District to the federal government, which became what is now the nation's administrative and judicial capital [[Putrajaya]]. Selangor is divided into nine districts namely [[Sabak Bernam District|Sabak Bernam]], [[Kuala Selangor District|Kuala Selangor]], [[Hulu Selangor]], [[Gombak District|Gombak]], [[Petaling District|Petaling]], [[Klang District|Klang]], [[Kuala Langat District|Kuala Langat]], [[Hulu Langat District|Hulu Langat]] and [[Sepang District|Sepang]]. ===Flora and Fauna=== [[File:MALAWATI 30 0399.jpg|Silver Leaf Monkey in Bukit Melawati|thumb|180px]] [[File:WATERFALL 7 0173.jpg|Commonwealth Forest Park|thumb|left]] Malaysian forest can be classified as [[tropical rainforest]]. Selangor has 250,129 [[hectare|ha]] of permanent reserve forest, of which 82,890 ha are [[peat swamp forest]] and 18,998 ha formed [[mangrove]] forest along the coast. The permanent reserve forest makes up about 32 per cent of the state land.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kawasan Hutan Simpanan kekal di Semenanjung Malaysia |url=http://www.data.gov.my/data/en_US/dataset/kawasan-hutan-simpanan-di-malaysia |website=data.gov.my |publisher=Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717070741/http://www.data.gov.my/data/en_US/dataset/kawasan-hutan-simpanan-di-malaysia |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=JPSM Annual Report 2016 - page 99 |url=https://www.forestry.gov.my/images/Laporan%20Tahunan/2016/JPG/annual-report-jpsm-2016_99-1.jpg |website=www.forestry.gov.my |publisher=Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> [[Forest park]]s that are situated in Selangor include Gabai Waterfall, Taman Rimba Templer, [[Ampang Recreational Forest|Taman Rimba Ampang]], Taman Rimba Komanwel, Sungai Chongkak, Sungai Tua, Sungai Sendat, Sungai Tekala, Kanching, Gunung Nuang and [[Klang Gates Quartz Ridge|Bukit Tabur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hutan Lipur & Hutan Taman Negeri |url=https://www.forestry.gov.my/index.php/my/perkhidmatan/info-perhutanan/hutan-lipur-hutan-taman-negeri |website=www.forestry.gov.my |publisher=Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Senarai Hutan Lipur |url=http://forestry.selangor.gov.my/portal/index.php/my/pusat-sumber/senarai-hutan-lipur |website=forestry.selangor.gov.my |publisher=Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri Selangor |access-date=17 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Reserved forests in Selangor are managed and conserved by the state's forestry department, as the [[Constitution of Malaysia]] provides that forestry comes under the jurisdiction of the respective states.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akta Perhutanan Negara 1984 |url=https://www.forestry.gov.my/index.php/my/akta-perhutanan-negara-1984 |website=www.forestry.gov.my |publisher=Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> Selangor's forestry headquarters is located at the [[Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Building]], in Shah Alam.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri |url=https://www.forestry.gov.my/index.php/my/organisasi/jabatan-perhutanan-negeri |website=www.forestry.gov.my |publisher=Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> Selangor is also home to a statutory [[government agency|agency]] of the [[Government of Malaysia]], the [[Forest Research Institute Malaysia]] (FRIM). Located in Kepong, FRIM promotes sustainable management and optimal use of [[forestry|forest]] resources in Malaysia by generating knowledge and technology through research, development and application in tropical forestry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Forest Research Institute Malaysia {{!}} Official Portal|url=http://www.frim.gov.my/|publisher=frim.gov.my|access-date=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=tourismselangor>{{cite web|title=Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong|url=http://www.tourismselangor.my/forest-research-institute-of-malaysia/|publisher=tourismselangor.my|access-date=14 March 2014|archive-date=14 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314222813/http://www.tourismselangor.my/forest-research-institute-of-malaysia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Selangor has a few declared [[protected area]]s (PAs) in order to safeguard biodiversity and wildlife. They are Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve which was created to protect the now-extirpated [[Sumatran Rhino]]s,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve, Selangor |url=http://www.wildlife.gov.my/index.php/en/bahagian/88-river-dusun-wildlife-reserve-selangor |website=www.wildlife.gov.my |publisher=Department of Wildlife and Natural Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> Kutu Hill Wildlife Reserve,<ref>{{cite web |title=Kutu Hill Wildlife Reserve |url=http://www.wildlife.gov.my/index.php/en/bahagian/89-kutu-hill-wildlife-reserve-selangor |website=www.wildlife.gov.my |publisher=Department of Wildlife and Natural Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> and Bukit Sungai Puteh Hill Wildlife Reserve which is located at Kuala Lumpur and Selangor's border.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sungai Puteh Hill Wildlife Reserve, Kuala Lumpur/Selangor |url=http://www.wildlife.gov.my/index.php/en/bahagian/90-sungai-puteh-hill-wildlife-reserve-kuala-lumpur-selangor |website=www.wildlife.gov.my |publisher=Department of Wildlife and Natural Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> The state also has an ecotourism centre, Paya Indah Wetlands, which is located in the district Kuala Langat near Dengkil. It is a sanctuary to migratory and residential birds, introduced [[Nile hippo]]s and crocodiles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paya Indah Wetlands |url=http://www.tourismselangor.my/destinations/paya-indah-wetlands/ |website=www.tourismselangor.my |publisher=Tourism Selangor |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717043207/http://www.tourismselangor.my/destinations/paya-indah-wetlands/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Paya Indah Wetlands |url=http://www.nre.gov.my/en-my/EcoPark/Pages/Paya-Indah-Wetlands.aspx |website=www.nre.gov.my |publisher=Ministry of Land, Water and Natural Resources |access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> Several [[Nature Sites in Selangor]] are at risk from development. These include [[Shah Alam Community Forest]] which is being cleared for housing, roads and a cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim |first=Jarod |title='Preserve urban forest area' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2021/04/10/preserve-urban-forest-area |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, Bukit Lagong forest reserve is at risk from quarrying and housing development.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayamany |first=Keertan |date=28 October 2022 |title=Address debacle surrounding 27 quarries in Bukit Lagong before GE15, PKR man tells Selangor govt |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/10/28/address-debacle-surrounding-27-quarries-in-bukit-lagong-before-ge15-pkr-man-tells-selangor-govt/36066 |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}</ref> Another threat is development for tourism such as has been proposed for [[Kuala Selangor Nature Park]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aldrie |first=A. |date=2022 |title=Say no to development |work=New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2022/08/821648/say-no-development-yes-kuala-selangor-nature-park-conservation}}</ref> ===Climate=== {{Weather box <!-- Infobox begins --> | width = <!-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=90%. Leave blank for wikitable with no width defined. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. --> | collapsed = <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed. --> | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Selangor ([[Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport|LTSAAS]]) in 2017 <!-- Record high temperatures --> <!-- Note that record temperatures should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible. --> | Jan record high C = | Feb record high C = | Mar record high C = | Apr record high C = | May record high C = | Jun record high C = | Jul record high C = | Aug record high C = | Sep record high C = | Oct record high C = | Nov record high C = | Dec record high C = | year record high C = <!-- Average monthly absolute maximum temperatures (that is, on average, the highest temperature to be observed in a month). It is important to note that this data is not very prominent in most climate data archives. --> | Jan avg record high C = | Feb avg record high C = | Mar avg record high C = | Apr avg record high C = | May avg record high C = | Jun avg record high C = | Jul avg record high C = | Aug avg record high C = | Sep avg record high C = | Oct avg record high C = | Nov avg record high C = | Dec avg record high C = | year avg record high C = <!-- Note: the yearly data does NOT necessarily reflect the highest temperature in any of the months. This refers to the yearly highest temperature, that is, on average, the highest temperature to be observed in a year. --> <!-- Average high temperatures --> | Jan high C = 34 | Feb high C = 35 | Mar high C = 36 | Apr high C = 36 | May high C = 36 | Jun high C = 37 | Jul high C = 36 | Aug high C = 36 | Sep high C = 32 | Oct high C = 32 | Nov high C = 30 | Dec high C = 31 | year high C = <!-- Mean daily temperature --> | Jan mean C = 31 | Feb mean C = 32 | Mar mean C = 32 | Apr mean C = 33 | May mean C = 33 | Jun mean C = 34 | Jul mean C = 33 | Aug mean C = 33 | Sep mean C = 30 | Oct mean C = 30 | Nov mean C = 28 | Dec mean C = 29 | year mean C = <!-- Average low temperatures --> | Jan low C = 26 | Feb low C = 26 | Mar low C = 27 | Apr low C = 27 | May low C = 28 | Jun low C = 27 | Jul low C = 27 | Aug low C = 27 | Sep low C = 26 | Oct low C = 26 | Nov low C = 26 | Dec low C = 25 | year low C = <!-- Average monthly absolute minimum temperatures (that is, on average, the lowest temperature to be observed in a month). It is important to note that this data is not very prominent in most climate data archives. --> | Jan avg record low C = | Feb avg record low C = | Mar avg record low C = | Apr avg record low C = | May avg record low C = | Jun avg record low C = | Jul avg record low C = | Aug avg record low C = | Sep avg record low C = | Oct avg record low C = | Nov avg record low C = | Dec avg record low C = | year avg record low C = <!-- Note: the yearly data does NOT necessarily reflect the lowest temperature in any of the months. This refers to the yearly lowest temperature, that is, on average, the highest temperature to be observed in a year. --> <!-- Record low temperatures --> <!-- Note that record temperatures should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible. --> | Jan record low C = | Feb record low C = | Mar record low C = | Apr record low C = | May record low C = | Jun record low C = | Jul record low C = | Aug record low C = | Sep record low C = | Oct record low C = | Nov record low C = | Dec record low C = | year record low C = <!-- Minimum wind chill --> | Jan chill = | Feb chill = | Mar chill = | Apr chill = | May chill = | Jun chill = | Jul chill = | Aug chill = | Sep chill = | Oct chill = | Nov chill = | Dec chill = | year chill = <!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. --> | precipitation colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> <!-- IMPORTANT: use mm or cm but NOT both! --> | Jan precipitation mm = | Feb precipitation mm = | Mar precipitation mm = | Apr precipitation mm = | May precipitation mm = | Jun precipitation mm = | Jul precipitation mm = | Aug precipitation mm = | Sep precipitation mm = | Oct precipitation mm = | Nov precipitation mm = | Dec precipitation mm = | year precipitation mm = | Jan precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation cm = | May precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation cm = | year precipitation cm = <!-- Rainfall --> | rain colour = green <!-- IMPORTANT: use mm or cm but NOT both! --> | Jan rain mm = 482.5 | Feb rain mm = 296.2 | Mar rain mm = 307.7 | Apr rain mm = 289.0 | May rain mm = 232.2 | Jun rain mm = 127.1 | Jul rain mm = 127.4 | Aug rain mm = 213.8 | Sep rain mm = 232.7 | Oct rain mm = 102.2 | Nov rain mm = 366.7 | Dec rain mm = 319.9 | year rain mm = | Jan rain cm = | Feb rain cm = | Mar rain cm = | Apr rain cm = | May rain cm = | Jun rain cm = | Jul rain cm = | Aug rain cm = | Sep rain cm = | Oct rain cm = | Nov rain cm = | Dec rain cm = | year rain cm = <!-- Snowfall --> <!-- IMPORTANT: use mm or cm but NOT both! --> <!-- IMPORTANT: Do NOT use snow depth information in the snowfall area! These are 2 different kinds of data! --> | snow colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green snowfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> | Jan snow mm = | Feb snow mm = | Mar snow mm = | Apr snow mm = | May snow mm = | Jun snow mm = | Jul snow mm = | Aug snow mm = | Sep snow mm = | Oct snow mm = | Nov snow mm = | Dec snow mm = | year snow mm = | Jan snow cm = | Feb snow cm = | Mar snow cm = | Apr snow cm = | May snow cm = | Jun snow cm = | Jul snow cm = | Aug snow cm = | Sep snow cm = | Oct snow cm = | Nov snow cm = | Dec snow cm = | year snow cm = <!-- Average number of precipitation days --> | unit precipitation days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.2 cm, 0.2 mm. --> | precip days colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green colours, "pastel" for pastel colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. Affects rain and snow days as well --> | Jan precipitation days = | Feb precipitation days = | Mar precipitation days = | Apr precipitation days = | May precipitation days = | Jun precipitation days = | Jul precipitation days = | Aug precipitation days = | Sep precipitation days = | Oct precipitation days = | Nov precipitation days = | Dec precipitation days = | year precipitation days = <!-- Average number of rainy days --> | unit rain days = 1.0mm | Jan rain days = 28 | Feb rain days = 28 | Mar rain days = 31 | Apr rain days = 27 | May rain days = 31 | Jun rain days = 24 | Jul rain days = 29 | Aug rain days = 31 | Sep rain days = 24 | Oct rain days = 21 | Nov rain days = 30 | Dec rain days = 31 | year rain days = <!-- Average number of snowy days --> | unit snow days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.2 cm, 0.2 mm. --> | Jan snow days = | Feb snow days = | Mar snow days = | Apr snow days = | May snow days = | Jun snow days = | Jul snow days = | Aug snow days = | Sep snow days = | Oct snow days = | Nov snow days = | Dec snow days = | year snow days = <!-- Average daily % humidity --> <!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. --> | humidity colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green humidity colours, "pastel" for pastel humidity colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. Affects afternoon % humidity as well --> | time day = <!-- The time of day the humidity was measured at. Affects afternoon % humidity as well --> | daily = Y | Jan humidity = 78 | Feb humidity = 78 | Mar humidity = 77 | Apr humidity = 76 | May humidity = 75 | Jun humidity = 72 | Jul humidity = 71 | Aug humidity = 74 | Sep humidity = 75 | Oct humidity = 72 | Nov humidity = 82 | Dec humidity = 79 | year humidity = <!-- Average afternoon % humidity --> <!-- If entering the average afternoon % humidity, then the average daily % humidity table should be used. --> | Jan afthumidity = | Feb afthumidity = | Mar afthumidity = | Apr afthumidity = | May afthumidity = | Jun afthumidity = | Jul afthumidity = | Aug afthumidity = | Sep afthumidity = | Oct afthumidity = | Nov afthumidity = | Dec afthumidity = | year afthumidity = <!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted.--> | Jan sun = 236.5 | Feb sun = 255.0 | Mar sun = 290.0 | Apr sun = 271.0 | May sun = 280.5 | Jun sun = 266.5 | Jul sun = 283.5 | Aug sun = 277.0 | Sep sun = 268.5 | Oct sun = 266.0 | Nov sun = 163.0 | Dec sun = 225.0 | year sun = <!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. --> | Jand sun = | Febd sun = | Mard sun = | Aprd sun = | Mayd sun = | Jund sun = | Juld sun = | Augd sun = | Sepd sun = | Octd sun = | Novd sun = | Decd sun = | yeard sun = <!-- Average per cent of possible sunshine. Number of daylight hours already factored into this number. Note that since this is possible sunshine, nighttime hours should not be included in this calculation. Will produce colours. --> | Jan percentsun = | Feb percentsun = | Mar percentsun = | Apr percentsun = | May percentsun = | Jun percentsun = | Jul percentsun = | Aug percentsun = | Sep percentsun = | Oct percentsun = | Nov percentsun = | Dec percentsun = | year percentsun = <!-- Mandatory fields, source --> | source =<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/selangor-weather-averages/selangor/my.aspx |title=Selangor Monthly Climate Averages |publisher=World Weather Online |access-date=5 July 2018 }}</ref> }}<!-- Infobox ends --> As in the rest of Malaysia, Selangor has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Af'') bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding sea and the prevailing wind system. It has high average temperature and high average rainfall.
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