Editing Sexual dysfunction (section)

===Sexual arousal disorders===
{{main|Sexual arousal disorder}}
Sexual arousal disorders were previously known as [[Hypoactive sexual desire disorder|frigidity]] in women and [[impotence]] in men, though these have now been replaced with less judgmental terms. Impotence is now known as [[erectile dysfunction]], and frigidity has been replaced with a number of terms describing specific problems that can be broken down into four categories as described by the [[American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association's]] ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'': lack of desire, lack of arousal, pain during intercourse, and lack of orgasm.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hartley H | year = 2006 | title = The 'pinking' of Viagra culture: Drug industry efforts to create and repackage sex drugs for women | doi = 10.1177/1363460706065058 | journal = Sexualities | volume = 9 | issue = 3| page = 365 | s2cid = 143113254 }}</ref>

For both men and women, these conditions can manifest themselves as an aversion to and avoidance of sexual contact with a partner. In men, there may be partial or complete failure to attain or maintain an erection, or a lack of sexual excitement and pleasure in sexual activity.

There may be physiological origins to these disorders, such as decreased blood flow or lack of vaginal lubrication. Chronic disease and the partners' relationship can also contribute to dysfunction.

Additionally, [[postorgasmic illness syndrome]] (POIS) may cause symptoms when aroused, including adrenergic-type presentation: rapid breathing, [[paresthesia]], palpitations, headaches, [[aphasia]], nausea, itchy eyes, fever, muscle pain and weakness, and fatigue.

From the onset of arousal, symptoms can persist for up to a week in patients.

The cause of this condition is unknown; however, it is believed to be a pathology of either the immune system or autonomic nervous systems. It is defined as a rare disease by the [[National Institutes of Health|National Institute of Health]], but the prevalence is unknown. It is not thought to be psychiatric in nature, but it may present as anxiety relating to coital activities and may be incorrectly diagnosed as such. There is no known cure or treatment.<ref name="rarediseases.info.nih.gov">{{Cite web | url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10809/postorgasmic-illness-syndrome | title=Postorgasmic illness syndrome | work = Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program}}</ref>

====Erectile dysfunction====
{{Main|Erectile dysfunction}}
Erectile dysfunction (ED), or impotence, is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the [[penis]]. There are various underlying causes of ED, including damage to anatomical structures, psychological causes, medical disease, and drug use. Many of these causes are medically treatable.

Psychological ED can often be treated by almost anything that the patient believes in; there is a very strong [[placebo]] effect. Physical damage can be more difficult to treat. One leading physical cause of ED is continual or severe damage taken to the [[nervi erigentes]], which can prevent or delay erection. These nerves course beside the prostate arising from the [[sacral plexus]] and can be damaged in prostatic and [[colorectal surgery|colorectal surgeries]].

Diseases are also common causes of erectile dysfunction. Diseases such as [[cardiovascular disease]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[kidney failure]], [[vascular disease]], and [[spinal cord]] injury can cause erectile dysfunction.<ref>{{cite book [[Susan Nolen-Hoeksema|Nolen-Hoeksema S]] | date = 2013 | chapter = Sexual Dysfunctions. | title = Abnormal Psychology | publisher = McGraw Hill Education }}</ref> Cardiovascular disease can decrease blood flow to penile tissues, making it difficult to develop or maintain an erection.

Due to the shame and embarrassment felt by some with erectile dysfunction, the subject was [[taboo]] for a long time and is the focus of many urban legends. [[Folk remedies]] have long been advocated, with some being advertised widely since the 1930s. The introduction of perhaps the first pharmacologically effective remedy for impotence, [[sildenafil]] (trade name Viagra), in the 1990s caused a wave of public attention, propelled in part by the newsworthiness of stories about it and heavy [[advertising]].

It is estimated that around 30 million men in the United States and 152 million men worldwide have erectile dysfunction.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence)) | year = 1993 | title = Impotence | journal = [[Journal of the American Medical Association]] | volume = 270 | pages = 83–90 | doi=10.1001/jama.270.1.83}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ayta IA, McKinlay JB, Krane RJ | title = The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences | journal = BJU International | volume = 84 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–56 | date = July 1999 | pmid = 10444124 | doi = 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00142.x | s2cid = 35772517 }}</ref> However, [[social stigma]], [[Health literacy|low health literacy]], and social [[taboo]]s lead to under reporting which makes an accurate prevalence rate hard to determine.

The Latin term ''[[impotentia coeundi]]'' describes the inability to insert the penis into the [[vagina]], and has been mostly replaced by more precise terms.

ED from [[vascular disease]] is seen mainly amongst older individuals who have [[atherosclerosis]]. Vascular disease is common in individuals who smoke or have [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], [[peripheral vascular disease]], or [[hypertension]]. Any time [[blood flow]] to the penis is impaired, ED can occur.

Drugs are also a cause of erectile dysfunction. Individuals who take drugs that lower [[blood pressure]], [[antipsychotic]]s, [[antidepressant]]s, sedatives, narcotics, antacids, or alcohol can have problems with [[sexual function]] and loss of libido.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta AK, Chaudhry M, Elewski B | title = Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea nigra, and piedra | journal = Dermatologic Clinics | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 395–400, v | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12956194 | doi = 10.1016/S0733-8635(03)00031-7 }}</ref>

[[Hormone]] deficiency is a relatively rare cause of erectile dysfunction. In individuals with testicular failure, as in [[Klinefelter syndrome]], or those who have had [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]], or childhood exposure to the [[mumps virus]], the testes may fail to produce testosterone. Other hormonal causes of erectile failure include brain tumors, [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], or [[adrenal gland]] disorders.<ref>[http://www.askmen.com/dating/love_tip_300/381_love_tip.html Strange sexual disorders] Ask Men. Retrieved on February 18, 2010</ref>