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===Naming conventions=== Various naming conventions have developed in different online communities to refer to shipped couples, likely due to the ambiguity and cumbersomeness of the "Character 1 and Character 2" format. The first method was using a slash,<ref name="romano2016" /> first used for [[Kirk/Spock]].<ref name="callis2016" /> This is today mainly used for same-sex ships; fanfiction with these pairings is known as [[slash fiction]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cuntz-Leng|first=Vera|year=2014|title=Twinship, incest, and twincest in the Harry Potter universe|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]|volume=17|issue=|doi=10.3983/twc.2014.0576|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="callis2016">{{cite journal|last=Callis|first=Vera S.|year=2016|title=Homophobia, heteronormativity, and slash fan fiction|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]|volume=22|issue=|doi=10.3983/twc.2016.0708|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Name blending]] is often used to refer to a couple,<ref name="sch2016" /> like '[[wiktionary:Reylo|Reylo]]' for [[Kylo Ren]] and [[Rey (Star Wars)|Rey]] in ''[[Star Wars]]'' franchise, '[[Destiel]]' for [[Dean Winchester]] and [[Castiel (Supernatural)|Castiel]] in the ''[[Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' TV series, Sonamy for [[Sonic the Hedgehog (character)]] and [[Amy Rose]] in the [[Sonic the Hedgehog]] series and '[[wiktionary:Bubbline|Bubbline]]' referring to [[Princess Bubblegum]] and [[Marceline the Vampire Queen]] in ''[[Adventure Time]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Haasch|first=Parker|url=https://www.insider.com/star-wars-rey-kylo-ren-reylo-relationship-tumblr-top-ship-2020-12|title=A straight Star Wars pairing topped Tumblr's overwhelmingly queer 2020 relationship list|website=[[Insider, Inc.|Insider]]|date=December 7, 2020|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210531041221/https://www.insider.com/star-wars-rey-kylo-ren-reylo-relationship-tumblr-top-ship-2020-12|archive-date=May 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tenbarge|first=Kat|url=https://www.insider.com/supernatural-last-episode-when-destiel-queerbaiting-end-fandom-tumblr-2020-11|title='Supernatural's' queer fandom kept it alive for 15 years, but the show never gave them what they really wanted|website=[[Insider, Inc.|Insider]]|date=November 19, 2020|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210531043104/https://www.insider.com/supernatural-last-episode-when-destiel-queerbaiting-end-fandom-tumblr-2020-11|archive-date=May 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rude|first=Mey|url=https://www.them.us/story/bubbline-is-canon-adventure-time|title=Bubbline Is CANON: 7 Gayest Moments From Adventure Time's Cutest Relationship|website=[[Them (website)|.them]]|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312114344/https://www.them.us/story/bubbline-is-canon-adventure-time|archive-date=March 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Portmanteau]]s and [[clipped compound]]s are used not only to abbreviate character pairings but also to create a name for the ship itself. For example, '[[wiktionary:Klance|Klance]]' forms a clipped compound, and an abbreviated form of the complete names [[Keith (Voltron)|Keith]] and [[Lance (Voltron)|Lance]] in ''[[Voltron: Legendary Defender]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Baker-Whitelaw|first=Gavia|url=https://www.dailydot.com/parsec/tumblr-ships-2018-reylo-klance/|title=Fandom infighting dominated Tumblr in 2018|website=[[The Daily Dot]]|date=November 28, 2018|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418155517/https://www.dailydot.com/parsec/tumblr-ships-2018-reylo-klance/|archive-date=April 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> '[[wiktionary:Sculder|Sculder]]' in this case [[Dana Scully]] and [[Fox Mulder]] in ''[[The X-Files]]'', is an example of surnames being blended, although most X-Files fans use the term "[[wiktionary:MSR|MSR]]" (Mulder-Scully Relationship), as is "MoonBoon" to stand for Zarya Moonwolf and Kitty Boon in ''[[Mysticons]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rosenfield|first=Kat| url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/01/mulder-scully-romance-history.html|title=A Brief History of Mulder and Scully's Once-Controversial Romance|date=January 21, 2016|website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406152411/https://www.vulture.com/2016/01/mulder-scully-romance-history.html|archive-date=April 6, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Abbey|url=https://www.insider.com/why-tv-lacks-lgbtq-inclusion-according-to-experts-2021-6|title=TV animators were forced to scrap LGBTQ-inclusive storylines due to a culture of fear. Experts say fans are changing that.|website=[[Insider (website)|Insider]]|date=June 15, 2021|access-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210616194517/https://www.insider.com/why-tv-lacks-lgbtq-inclusion-according-to-experts-2021-6|archive-date=June 16, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> In other cases, first names of characters are merged, like the ships for [[Marcy Wu]] and [[Anne Boonchuy]] (Marcanne), [[Sasha Waybright]] and Marcy Wu (Sasharcy), and Sasha Waybright and Anne Boonchuy (Sashanne) in ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Jade|url=https://www.thegamer.com/amphibia-finale-shipping-calamity-trio-headcanons/|title=Amphibia's Finale Has Shown The True Potential Of Headcanons|website=TheGamer|date=May 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526205658/https://www.thegamer.com/amphibia-finale-shipping-calamity-trio-headcanons/|archive-date=May 26, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> or between [[Vi (League of Legends)|Violet "Vi"]] and Caitlyn "Cait" Kiramman (Caitvi or CaitVi) in ''[[Arcane (TV series)|Arcane]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Colbert|first=Isaiah|url=https://gizmodo.com/arcanes-long-awaited-hookup-was-originally-longer-and-steamier-2000529735|title= Arcane's Long-Awaited Hookup Was Originally Longer and Steamier|website=[[Gizmodo]]|date=November 25, 2024|access-date=November 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126012929/https://gizmodo.com/arcanes-long-awaited-hookup-was-originally-longer-and-steamier-2000529735|archive-date=November 26, 2024|url-status=live|quote= Release the Caitvi cut.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Jade|url=https://www.thegamer.com/arcane-reddit-ama-caitvi-horny-fandom/|title=The Arcane Crew Definitely Knows How Horny The Fandom Is|website=[[TheGamer]]|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=November 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110180138/https://www.thegamer.com/arcane-reddit-ama-caitvi-horny-fandom/|archive-date=November 10, 2022|url-status=live|quote=Even though a year has passed since the show’s debut, we’re still obsessed with CaitVi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Jade|url=https://www.thegamer.com/arcane-season-two-finale-caitvi-scene-romance-confession/|title=Arcane Finally Gave Fans What They Were Waiting For With A Spicy Scene In The Finale|website=[[TheGamer]]|date=November 23, 2024|quote=That will be our Caitvi fill for now though, as we're getting no more seasons of Arcane.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124023755/https://www.thegamer.com/arcane-season-two-finale-caitvi-scene-romance-confession/|archive-date=November 24, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> These combinations of names often follow systematic phonological principles, in which the first character in the ship's name is seen as the 'dominant' partner.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=DiGirolamo |first1=Cara M. |title=The Fandom Pairing Name: Blends and the Phonology-Orthography Interface |journal=Names |date=2012 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=231–243 |doi=10.1179/0027773812Z.00000000034|s2cid=62182458 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Japanese ship naming conventions often attach names together without slashing or blending by using an XY name-name format. This format is ruled by boy-girl ordering, or seme-uke ([[Top, bottom and versatile#Top|top]]-[[Top, bottom and versatile#Bottom|bottom]]) in [[Yaoi]]. In many East Asian countries there is a distinct difference between the pairing of XY and YX. Such as the pairing names of 'MomoYuki' (where Momo is dominant) vs. 'YukiMomo' (where Yuki is dominant) from the series [[Idolish7]].<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1129596782932090880|user=chronoa01|title=Naming ships is a sensitive fandom culture in Japan and Korea.(I'm not sure about cases in other countries) Many fr...|date=May 18, 2019}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2023}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Guang-Quan |last2=Lee |first2=Ya-Ching |date=October 2014 |title=Do Only Fujoshi Enjoy Tanbi? A Study of Chinese Fudanshi's Motivations for Liking Tanbi CP in Domestic TV Series |url=https://mcr.nccu.edu.tw/web/backissues/backissues_in.jsp?pp_no=PP1667186878370 |journal=Mass Communication Research |issue=153 |pages= |doi= |access-date=November 27, 2024 |language=zh}} Note: only the abstract is in English. The article is written in [[traditional Chinese characters]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.lunaescence.com/index.php?cat=9|title=Dictionary of Anime Fandom: Fanfiction & Literary Terms|website=Lunaescence Archives|date=2005|access-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704015723/http://dictionary.lunaescence.com/index.php?cat=9|archive-date=July 4, 2007|quote=[Pairings are] used in fandom to refer to accepted relationships...between characters. It can either be used in general...or for specific, named couples. For YAOI couples you typically write the seme’s name first separated from the other name using an x. So if you want to write that your favorite pairing is Heero as the dominant (seme) male and that Duo is the passive (uke)...However, in writing pairings for slash or femslash couples, you usually use a slash ( / ) to separate out the couples, and...there really isn’t a rule about who comes first."|url-status=dead}}</ref> Many fandom-specific variants exist and often use fandom-specific terminology.<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268449054 |title='If fandom jumped off a bridge, it would be onto a ship': An examination of conflict that occurs though shipping in fandom. |last1=Bothe |first1=Gemma |date=July 2014 |pages=7 |location=Melbourne, Australia |conference=Australian and New Zealand Communication Association Conference (ANZCA) 2014 |id= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015185434/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gemma-Bothe/publication/268449054_'If_fandom_jumped_off_a_bridge_it_would_be_onto_a_ship'_An_examination_of_conflict_that_occurs_though_shipping_in_fandom/links/546c150a0cf2f5eb18092cf2/If-fandom-jumped-off-a-bridge-it-would-be-onto-a-ship-An-examination-of-conflict-that-occurs-though-shipping-in-fandom.pdf |archivedate=2022-10-15}}</ref><ref name="romano2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Williams |first1= Rebecca | date= May 2011 | title= Containing the Audience: The 'Room' in Stand-Up Comedy | url = http://www.participations.org/Volume%208/Issue%201/PDF/williams.pdf | department = University of Kent, UK | journal = Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 271–272, 275–278 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200717231746/http://www.participations.org/Volume%208/Issue%201/PDF/williams.pdf | access-date= May 31, 2021 |archive-date= July 17, 2020 }}</ref> These often employ words that describe the relationship between characters in the context of the fictional universe and simply add the word "Shipping" to the end (For example, AmourShipping, NegaiShipping, PokeShipping, RocketShipping, and CookieShipping in ''[[Pokemon]]'').<ref>{{cite web|last=Nicola|first=Alison|url=https://www.cbr.com/pokemon-relationships-fans-behind-arent/|title=Pokémon: 5 Relationships Fans Were Behind In The Anime (& 5 They Never Want To See)|website=[[Comic Book Resources|CBR]]|date=October 9, 2019|access-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122221844/https://www.cbr.com/pokemon-relationships-fans-behind-arent/|archive-date=January 22, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/amourshipping/|title=Amourshipping|website=[[Dictionary.com]]|date=March 1, 2018|access-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122221844/https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/amourshipping/|archive-date=January 22, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Other terminology include using a combination of the characters' names and codes as a ship name. For instance, ship names for [[List of RWBY characters#Team RWBY|characters]] in ''[[RWBY]]'' include "[[wiktionary:Bumbleby|Bumbleby]]" (Blake Belladonna and Yang Xiao Long) and "White Rose" (Weiss Schnee and Ruby Rose).<ref>{{cite web|last=Hale-Stern|first=Kale|url=https://www.themarysue.com/2019-most-popular-fandom-ships-tumblr/|title=Let Us Gaze Upon 2019's 20 Most Popular Fandom Ships on Tumblr|date=December 5, 2019|website=[[The Mary Sue]]|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215051609/https://www.themarysue.com/2019-most-popular-fandom-ships-tumblr/|archive-date=February 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Grimes|first=Hannah|url=https://www.cbr.com/rwby-weiss-cosplay-stunning-see/|title=RWBY: 15 Stunning Weiss Cosplay You Need To See|date=March 1, 2021|website=[[Comic Book Resources|CBR]]|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727200337/https://www.cbr.com/rwby-weiss-cosplay-stunning-see/|archive-date=July 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Darcy|first=Diane|url=https://www.cbr.com/blake-yang-kiss-wlw-romance/|title=RWBY's Blake and Yang Is WLW Romance Done Right - Here's How TV Can Learn From Them|website=[[Comic Book Resources|CBR]]|date=March 31, 2023|access-date=September 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901115218/https://www.cbr.com/blake-yang-kiss-wlw-romance/|archive-date=September 1, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
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