Editing Shooting range (section)

==== Structural components ====
[[File: Small firearm training at an indoor firing range.jpg|alt=Indoor firing range showing walls, ceiling baffles, and bullet trap|thumb|Indoor firing range showing walls, ceiling baffles, and bullet trap]]
Firing range walls are usually constructed of [[poured concrete]], [[precast concrete]] or [[concrete masonry unit|masonry block]]s. The walls must be sufficiently impenetrable and provide adequate ballistic protection from stray shots and back-splatter.  Floors are constructed from dense [[reinforced concrete]] with a smooth surface finish and are usually slanted slightly from up range (shooter positions) toward the backstops downrange to allow for better maintenance and cleaning.

Indoor range roofs are constructed from steel joists or precast concrete panels with a smooth flat surface that will redirect misfired bullets, facilitate maintenance, and prevent [[lead]] buildup.  Roof baffles are installed at a 25–30 degree angle to protect ceilings, lighting fixtures, ventilation ducts, and any other unprotected element from stray bullets.  Baffles are typically constructed of armored plate steel covered with fire-rated plywood.  Deflectors are similar to baffles, but are not usually covered with plywood; they can be installed either vertically or horizontally and are used to redirect stray bullets from unprotected fixtures and elements inside the firing range such as doors, windows, and ventilation registers.  Shields are constructed of plate steel and plywood.

The central controls for the firing range equipment, communication, lighting, and security are housed in control rooms or stations.  The range master, who is in charge of range operation and management, operates the controls. The control station must provide the range master with an unobstructed line of sight of the firing lanes and all shooters. Control stations are usually constructed of concrete blocks with bulletproof observation windows.

Backstops and [[Bullet trap|bullet traps]] are used to absorb the energy from the [[projectile]] and capture it to prevent overflight beyond the range area. Bullet traps come in a variety of designs and are usually constructed of impenetrable metal plates.  The thickness of the plates and the materials used depend on the velocity and energy levels of the projectiles to be fired in the range.  The majority of modern bullet traps are made up of angled hardened steel plates that redirect bullets into other metal plates, releasing their energy.  The plates must be resistant to penetration, abrasion, and metal fatigue.  The traps direct the spent bullets to a collection area in front of the trap or, for high-energy projectiles, at the back of the trap.

Many indoor ranges provide additional spaces such as a cleaning room for weapons, a classroom, restrooms (including shower facilities), office areas, lounge area, or storage and maintenance rooms.  Passageways are used to physically isolate the firing range from the adjoining areas.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />