Editing Shulgi (section)

===Marriages===
Shulgi was a contemporary of the ''[[Shakkanakku]]'' rulers of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], particularly [[Apil-kin]] and [[Iddi-ilum]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abusch |first1=I. Tzvi |last2=Noyes |first2=Carol |title=Proceedings of the XLV Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale: historiography in the cuneiform world |date=2001 |publisher=CDL Press |isbn=978-1-883053-67-3 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZntAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> An inscription mentions that [[Taram-Uram]], the daughter of Apil-kin, became the "daughter-in-law" of [[Ur-Nammu]], and therefore the Queen of king Shulgi.<ref name="Sharlach2017a">Sharlach, T. M., "The Shulgi-simti Archive: Historical Sources", An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 189-210, 2017 {{ISBN|978-1-5015-0522-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Eppihimer |first1=Melissa |title=Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-090303-9 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCeeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |language=en}}</ref> In the inscription, she called herself "daughter-in-law of [[Ur-Nammu]]", and "daughter of Apil-kin, ''[[Lugal]]'' ("King") of Mari", suggesting for Apil-kin a position as a supreme ruler, and pointing to a marital alliance between Mari and [[Ur]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lipiński |first1=Edward |title=Immigration and Emigration Within the Ancient Near East |date=1995 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |page=187 |isbn=9789068317275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thIxCmwfNoMC&pg=PA187}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Civil |first1=Michel |title=Un nouveau synchronisme Mari-III e dynastie d'Ur |journal=Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale |date=1962 |volume=56 |issue=4 |page=213 |jstor=23295098 |issn=0373-6032}}</ref>

[[Nin-kalla]], Amat-Sin, and [[Ea-niša]] were queens of Shulgi. This had influence and performed official functions which continued even after the death of Shulgi.<ref>Sharlach, T. M., "The Lives of Shulgi’s Wives: Ea-niša, Geme-Ninlilla and More", An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 139-174, 2017 {{ISBN|978-1-5015-0522-5}}</ref><ref>Michalowski, Piotr, "Royal Women of the Ur III Period, Part II: Geme-Ninlila", Journal of Cuneiform Studies 31.3, pp. 171-176, 1979</ref> Another queen, [[Shulgi-simti]], who is known from a high number of texts presenting evidence for her economic power, had similar status. The archive shows she selected various large animals to use in rituals for deities including [[Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban]], [[Annunitum]], [[Ulmašītum]], Nanna, Ninlil and Enlil.<ref>Sharlach, T. M., "Sacrifice: An Overview of the Cultic Events to which the Shulgi-simti Foundation Contributed", An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 239-260, 2017</ref> From thirty-second to forty-seventh year of Shulgi's reign she was in charge of the acceptance of ritual animals. On their death "libation places" for her and Shulgi were established.<ref name="Sharlach2007" >Sharlach, Tonia M., "Shulgi-simti and the Representation of Women in Historical Sources", Ancient Near Eastern Art in Context. Studies in Honor of Irene J. Winter by Her Students. Leiden & Boston, Brill, pp. 363-368, 2007</ref><ref>[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/12/0/12_0_1/_pdf]Gomi, Tohru, "Shulgi-simti and her Libation Place (ki-a-nag)", Orient 12, pp. 1-14, 1976</ref> Another important woman was [[Geme-Ninlilla]] who appears in texts at the end of the king's reign. Other, less well known royal women are [[Šuqurtum]], [[Simat-Ea]] and Geme-Su'ena.<ref>Michalowski, Piotr, "Royal Women of the Ur III Period Part I: The Wife of Šulgi", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 169–72, 1976</ref>

Shulgi, with many wives and concubines, is known to have had at least sixteen sons including Etel-pū-Dagān, Amar-<sup>'''[[Dingir|d]]'''</sup>Da-mu, Lu-<sup>'''[[Dingir|d]]'''</sup>Nanna, Lugal-a-zi-da, Ur-<sup>'''[[Dingir|d]]''',</sup>Suen, and possibly [[Amar-Sin]] (his throne name) as well as one daughter, Peš-tur-tur.<ref>Notizia, Palmiro, "Prince Etel-pū-Dagān, Son of Šulgi", From the 21st Century B.C. to the 21st Century A.D.: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neo-Sumerian Studies Held in Madrid, 22–24 July 2010, edited by Steven J. Garfinkle and Manuel Molina, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 207-220, 2013</ref><ref>Changyu Liu, "Prosopography of individuals delivering animals to Puzriš-Dagan in Ur III Mesopotamia", Akkadica 142/2,  pp. 113-142, 2021</ref><ref>[https://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlp/cdlp0024_20220401.pdf]Changyu Liu, "Prosopographical Statistics Appendix of the article 'Prosopography of individuals delivering
animals to Puzriš-Dagan in Ur III Mesopotamia'", Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints, 24.0, 1 April 2022</ref> The name of another daughter, Šāt-Kukuti, is known from a cuneiform tablet.<ref>Ali, Basil Bashar, and Khalid Salim Ismael, "Šāt-kukuti The Daughter of King Šulgi in a New Text from the Iraqi Museum", Athar Alrafedain 8.2, pp. 266-280, 2023</ref> A daughter, Taram-Šulgi was married to the ruler of [[Pashime|Pašime]], Šudda-bani.<ref name="Sharlach2017a" />