Editing Siegfried Marcus (section)

==Nazi rewrite==
[[File:GuentherZ 2007-04-27 2771 Wien04 Karlsplatz Siegfried Marcus.jpg|upright=0.6|thumb|Monument at Vienna Technical Museum]]
[[File:Austrian Golden Cross of Merit (1849), front.jpg|thumb|125px|Golden Cross of Merit]]
Because of Marcus' Jewish ancestry, his name and all memorabilia, particularly in Austria, vanished under the [[Nazism|Nazis]]. In 1937, the Austrian Harand Movement Against Racial Hatred had issued a series of stamps featuring prominent Jews, including Marcus, who had contributed to mankind in response to [[The Eternal Jew (art exhibition)|''The Eternal Jew'' art exhibition]] by [[Julius Streicher]] in Munich. Marcus was credited by the movement as having invented the petrol driven motor car.<ref>{{cite news |title=Philosemitic Aryans |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=30 November 1937 |issue=25742 |page=14}}</ref> With the [[Anschluss|German occupation of Austria]] in March 1938, the memorial in front of the [[TU Wien|Vienna Technical University]] was removed. After [[World War II]], the monument was rebuilt and his car, which had been hidden, was returned to display.

Marcus was removed from German encyclopedias as the inventor of the modern car, under a directive from the [[Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda|German Ministry for Propaganda]] during World War II. His name was replaced with the names of [[Gottlieb Daimler|Daimler]] and [[Carl Benz|Benz]]. The directive (in German) read as follows:
{{quotation|Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda
Geschäftszeichen. S 8100/4.7.4.0/7 1

Berlin W8, den 4. Juli 1940<br>
Wilhelmplatz 8-9

An die Direktion der Daimler-Benz-A.G. Stuttgart-Untertürkheim

Betrifft: Eigentlichen Erfinder des Automobils<br>
Auf Ihr Schreiben vom 30. Mai 1940 Dr.Wo/Fa.

Das Bibliographische Institut und der Verlag F.A. Brockhaus sind darauf hingewiesen worden, dass in Meyers Konversations Lexikon und im Großen Brockhaus künftig nicht Siegfried Marcus, sondern die beiden deutschen Ingenieure Gottlieb Daimler und Carl Benz als Schöpfer des modernen Kraftwagens zu bezeichnen sind.}}
In English this would be

{{Quotation | Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
Reference number S 8100 / 4.7.4.0 / 7 1

Berlin W8, 4 July 1940<br>
Wilhelmsplatz 8-9

To the Directorate of Daimler-Benz A.G. Stuttgart-Untertürkheim

Subject: True inventor of the automobile <br>
Referring to your letter of 30 May 1940 Dr.Wo / Fa.

The Bibliographical Institute and the publisher F. A. Brockhaus have been notified that in the future, [the encyclopedias] [[Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|Meyers Konversations Lexikon]] and the [[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie|Große Brockhaus]] are to refer to the two German engineers [[Gottlieb Daimler]] and [[Carl Benz]] as the creators of the modern automobile, not to Siegfried Marcus.}}

Current thinking is that Marcus' car only ran in 1888/1889, years after the [[Benz Patent-Motorwagen]].<ref name=TMV>{{cite web |url=http://www.technischesmuseum.at/object/marcus-wagen-1888-1889 |title=Marcus-Wagen, 1888/1889 |first=Anne-Katrin |last=Ebert |publisher=Vienna Technical Museum |access-date=21 September 2016}}</ref> Some early publications suggested that Marcus may have had a petrol powered vehicle running earlier than 1870 (in 1864 or 1866), but this lacks evidence.<ref name=Progress>{{cite journal |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/P19070301.2.15?query=motor |title=Motor Notes. By "Accumulator." |journal=Progress |volume=II |issue=5 |date=1 March 1907 |access-date=22 September 2016 |page=20}}</ref> ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' still cites 1864 for Marcus' first car with a 10-year gap to the second.<ref name=Brit>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Siegfried-Marcus |title=Siegfried Marcus {{!}} German inventor |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=21 September 2016}}</ref> However, some sources call this the "Marcus myth", stating that early chroniclers confused an automobile he had built in 1888/89 (also called the "Second Marcus Car") with the construction (handcart) he had built in 1870, giving rise to unsubstantiated years of construction such as 1864 and 1875.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sustainable Automotive Technologies | isbn=9783319018843 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ajBBAAAQBAJ&dq=siegfried+marcus+1888+historian&pg=PA128 | last1=Wellnitz | first1=Jörg | last2=Subic | first2=Aleksandar | last3=Trufin | first3=Ramona | date=24 September 2013 | publisher=Springer }}</ref>

In an article titled, "The End of the Marcus Legend", evidence is presented that the "1875” automobile was actually built much later, in 1888. The originator of the 1875 date, Ludwig Czischek-Christen, was asked by patent lawyers to produce any evidence to support the 1875 date, and during the course of his investigation, he uncovered "decisive" evidence that the Marcus automobile was actually built in 1888, and not in 1875 as he had originally published for the 1900 Austrian exhibits at the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Paris Exposition]].<ref name=PrMuse>{{cite web |title=Project Muse -The End of the Marcus Legend |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/893559/summary}}</ref>