Editing Slovaks (section)

== History ==
{{Main|History of Slovakia}}

=== Slavs of the Pannonian Basin ===

The first known [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] states on the territory of present-day Slovakia were the Empire of [[Samo]] and the [[Principality of Nitra]], founded sometime in the 8th century.

=== Great Moravia ===
[[File:Pribina, Nitra (2008).jpg|left|thumb|[[Pribina]], ruler of Principality of Nitra,<ref name=Kirschbaum25>{{Harvnb|Kirschbaum|1995| p=25}}</ref> established and ruled the [[Balaton Principality]] from 839/840 to 861.<ref>{{cite book
  | last = Bagnell Bury
  | first = John
  | title = The Cambridge Medieval History
  | publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]
  | year = 1923
  | location = Cambridge
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_9IHAAAAIAAJ&q=Balaton+Principality
  | page = 211}}</ref>]]
[[Great Moravia]] (833 – 902-907) was a Slavic state in the 9th and early 10th centuries, whose creators were the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks.<ref>Ference Gregory Curtis. Chronology of 20th-century eastern European history. Gale Research, Inc., 1994. {{ISBN|978-0-8103-8879-6}}, p. 103</ref><ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5D4uAQAAIAAJ&q=%22great+moravia%22+ancestors+slovakq | title = The Great Moravia Exhibition: 1100 years of tradition of state and cultural life | last1 = Věd | first1 = Archeologický Ústav (Československá Akademie)| year = 1964}}</ref> Important developments took place at this time, including the mission of Byzantine monks [[Cyril and Methodius]], the development of the [[Glagolitic]] alphabet (an early form of the [[Cyrillic script]]), and the use of [[Old Church Slavonic]] as the official and literary language. Its formation and rich cultural heritage have attracted somewhat more interest since the 19th century.

The original territory inhabited by the Slavic tribes included not only present-day Slovakia, but also parts of present-day Poland, southeastern Moravia and approximately the entire northern half of present-day Hungary.<ref>A history of Eastern Europe: crisis and change, Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries</ref>

=== Kingdom of Hungary ===
[[File:Slovak Celebrities 1863.jpg|right|thumb|Gallery of famous Slovak people, active in different areas (history, literature, education, religion, science). Published on occasion of establishing Matica slovenská ("Slovak Foundation"), major patriotic organization. List of portraited personalities: [[Ján Mallý-Dusarov]], [[Juraj Tvrdý]], [[Jozef Kozáček]], [[Štefan Moyzes]], [[Martin Čulen]], [[Karol Kuzmány]], [[Štefan Závodník]], [[Michal Chrástek]], [[Viliam Pauliny-Tóth]], [[Michal Miloslav Hodža]], [[Štefan Marko Daxner]], [[Ján Francisci-Rimavský]], [[Ján Gotčár]], [[Andrej Ľudovít Radlinský]], [[Jozef Miloslav Hurban]], [[Jonáš Záborský]], [[Jozef Karol Viktorin]], [[Mikuláš Štefan Ferienčík]], [[Ján Kalinčiak]], [[Martin Hattala]], [[Ján Palárik]], [[František Víťazoslav Sasinek]], [[Andrej Sládkovič]], [[Daniel Gabriel Lichard]], [[Ján Čipka]], [[Juraj Slota]], [[Andrej Kossa]]]]

The territory of present-day Slovakia was split in two parts between the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (under Hungarian rule gradually from 907 to the early 14th century) to [[Upper Hungary]] and [[Royal Hungary]] (under the Habsburgs from 1527 – 1848 (see also [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]])) until the formation of [[Czechoslovakia]] in 1918.<ref name=Eberhardt105>{{Harvnb|Eberhardt|2003| p=105}}</ref> However, according to other historians, from 895 to 902, the whole area of the present-day Slovakia became part of the rising Principality of Hungary, and became (without gradation) part of the Kingdom of Hungary a century later.<ref>Kristó, Gyula (1996). Hungarian History in the Ninth Century. Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. p. 229. {{ISBN|963-482-113-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historia.hu/archivum/2001/0103gyorffy.htm|title=Histria 2001/03. – GYRFFY GYRGY: Honfoglals a Krpt-medencben|website=Historia.hu|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426200447/http://www.historia.hu/archivum/2001/0103gyorffy.htm|archive-date=26 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Kristó, Gyula (1993). A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig) (The ancient history of the Carpathian Basin and the Hungarians – till 1301)[http://www.antikvarium.hu/ant/book.php?konyv-cim=a-karpat-medence-es-a-magyarsag-regmultja&ID=39250] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511173424/http://www.antikvarium.hu/ant/book.php?konyv-cim=a-karpat-medence-es-a-magyarsag-regmultja&ID=39250|date=2011-05-11}} Szeged: Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. p. 299. {{ISBN|963-04-2914-4}}.</ref> A separate entity called [[Principality of Nitra|Nitra Frontier Duchy]], existed at this time within the Kingdom of Hungary. This duchy was abolished in 1107. The territory inhabited by the Slovaks in present-day Hungary was gradually reduced.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|last1= Vauchez|first1= André|last2= Barrie Dobson|first2= Richard|first3= Michael|last3= Lapidge|title= Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages|volume= 1|year= 2000|publisher= Routledge|isbn= 9781579582821|page= 1363|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=om4olQhrE84C&q=slovakia+history+slavs&pg=PA1363|access-date= 2020-11-21|archive-date= 2023-04-07|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230407092416/https://books.google.com/books?id=om4olQhrE84C&q=slovakia+history+slavs&pg=PA1363|url-status= live}}</ref>

When most of Hungary was conquered by the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1541 (see [[Ottoman Hungary]]), the territory of present-day [[Slovakia]] became the new center of the reduced kingdom<ref name=Eberhardt104>{{Harvnb|Eberhardt|2003| p=104}}</ref> that remained under Hungarian, and later [[Habsburg]] rule, officially called Royal Hungary.<ref name=Eberhardt104/> Some [[Croats]] settled around and in present-day [[Bratislava]] for similar reasons. Also, many [[Germans]] settled in the Kingdom of Hungary,<ref name=Eberhardt104/> especially in the towns, as work-seeking colonists and mining experts from the 13th to the 15th century. [[Jews]] and [[Gypsies]] also formed significant populations within the territory.<ref name=Eberhardt104/> During the period, most of present-day Slovakia was part of Habsburg rule, but Ottoman ruled southern and southeasternmost parts of it.

After the Ottoman Empire was forced to retreat from present-day Hungary around 1700, thousands of Slovaks were gradually settled in depopulated parts of the restored Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Hungary, [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], and [[Croatia]]) under [[Maria Theresia]], and that is how present-day Slovak enclaves (like [[Slovaks in Vojvodina]], [[Slovaks in Hungary]]) in these countries arose.

After [[Transylvania]], Upper Hungary (present-day Slovakia) was the most advanced part of the Kingdom of Hungary for centuries, but in the 19th century, when [[Buda]]/[[Pest (city)|Pest]] became the new capital of the kingdom, the importance of the territory, as well as other parts within the Kingdom fell, and many Slovaks were impoverished. As a result, hundreds of thousands of Slovaks emigrated to North America, especially in the late 19th and early 20th century (between cca. 1880–1910), a total of at least 1.5 million emigrants.

Slovakia exhibits a very rich folk culture. A part of Slovak customs and [[social convention]] are common with those of other nations of the former [[Habsburg monarchy]] (the Kingdom of Hungary was in [[personal union]] with the Habsburg monarchy from 1867 to 1918).

=== Czechoslovakia ===
{{Main|History of Czechoslovakia}}
People of Slovakia spent most part of the 20th century within the framework of [[Czechoslovakia]], a new state formed after World War I. Significant reforms and post-World War II [[industrialization]] took place during this time. [[Slovak language|Slovak]] was strongly influenced by [[Czech language|Czech]] during this period.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqOVrtwe4EYC&q=world+war+2+slovak+language+czech&pg=PA111|title=When East Met West: Sociolinguistics in the Former Socialist Bloc|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Harlig|first2=Csaba|last2=Pléh|date=11 January 1995|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|access-date=11 January 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9783110145854|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407174603/https://books.google.com/books?id=uqOVrtwe4EYC&q=world+war+2+slovak+language+czech&pg=PA111|url-status=live}}</ref>