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== Ubiquitous computing properties == Weiser's vision for ubiquitous computing can be summarized in terms of two core properties: * Devices need to be networked, distributed and transparently accessible. * [[Human–computer interaction]] with devices is hidden to a degree from its users. It is proposed that there are two additional core types of properties for ubiquitous computing systems:<ref name="Poslad"/> * Devices can operate to some extent autonomously, i.e., without human intervention, be self-governed. * Devices can handle a multiplicity of dynamic actions and interactions, governed by intelligent decision-making and organisational interaction. This may entail some form of artificial intelligence in order to: ** handle incomplete and non-deterministic interactions ** cooperation and competition between members of organizations ** richer interaction through sharing of context, semantics and goals, etc. However, it is hard to fix a closed set of properties that define all ubiquitous computing devices because of the sheer range and variety of ubiquitous computing research and applications. Rather than to propose a single definition for ubiquitous computing, a taxonomy of properties for ubiquitous computing has been proposed, from which different kinds or flavours of ubiquitous systems and applications can be composed and described.<ref name="Poslad"/>
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