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Southern Colonies
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==Maryland== George Calvert received a charter from [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] to found the colony of [[Maryland]] in 1632. When George Calvert died, Cecilius Calvert, later known as Lord Baltimore, became the proprietor. Calvert came from a wealthy [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholic]] family and was the first individual (rather than a joint-stock company) to receive a grant from the Crown. He received a grant for a large tract of land north of the [[Potomac River|Potomac river]] and on either side of [[Chesapeake Bay]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Browne|first= William Hand|date=1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kwOAAAAIAAJ |title=George Calvert and Cecil Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore|place=New York|publisher= Dodd, Mead, and Company|isbn= 9780722290279}} p. 17</ref> Calvert planned on creating a haven for English Roman Catholics, many of whom were well-to-do nobles such as himself who could not worship in public.<ref name=Mary>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108223.html|title=Maryland: History, Geography, Population, and State Facts|work=Info please|access-date=2011-01-17}}</ref> He planned on creating an [[Agrarianism|agrarian]] [[manorialism|manorial]] society where each noble would have a large manor and tenants would work in the fields and on other tasks. However, with extremely cheap land prices, many [[Protestantism|Protestants]] moved to Maryland and bought land for themselves. They soon became a majority of the population, and in 1642 religious tension began to erupt. Calvert was forced to take control and pass the [[Maryland Toleration Act]] in 1649, making Maryland the second colony to have freedom of worship, after [[Rhode Island]]. However, the Act did little to help religious peace. In 1654, Protestants barred Catholics from voting, ousted a [[William Stone (Maryland governor)|pro-tolerance Governor]], and repealed the Toleration Act.<ref name=tev5>{{cite book| last = Boyer| first = Paul S.| title = The Enduring Vision, 5th Edition| url = https://archive.org/details/enduringvision5thpaul| url-access = registration| publisher = [[Houghton-Mifflin]]| pages = [https://archive.org/details/enduringvision5thpaul/page/68 68β69] | year = 2004| isbn = 0-618-28065-0}}</ref> Maryland stayed Protestant until Calvert again took control of the colony in 1658.
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