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Soybean rust
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==Environment== Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) was first detected in Asia.<ref name="InvasiveSpecies.gov" /> It has been found in many countries around the world since then. For example, [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Korea]], [[India]], [[Japan]], [[Nepal]], [[Taiwan]], [[Thailand]], the [[Philippines]], [[Mozambique]], [[Nigeria]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], and [[Paraguay]]. This disease was first detected in the [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] in [[Puerto Rico]] in 1976<ref name="APHIS" /> and first reported in the [[continental United States]] in 2004.<ref name="InvasiveSpecies.gov" /> Asian Soybean Rust favors environments that are humid and warm. A continuous period of wetness on leaves will aid the growth of this disease since this situation is required for spores to germinate. Therefore, is most likely to appear under conditions of {{convert|60 to 85|F|C}} and a relative humidity of 75% to 80%. Therefore, ASR is a more serious problem in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] areas in Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.<ref name="InvasiveSpecies.gov" /> It is unable to survive the cold winters of northern habitats. However, this pathogen can be spread easily from wind and storm fronts and can inoculate quickly within a soybean field under favorable environmental conditions.<ref name="OSU"/> And the Asian Soybean Rust may be favored by the climatic anomalies phenomena that cause extreme rainfall natural disasters that is called [[El Niño]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agrolink.com.br/noticias/alerta--el-nino-pode-favorecer-ferrugem-asiatica-no-brasil_477900.html |title=ALERTA: El Niño pode favorecer ferrugem asiática no Brasil |publisher=Agrolink |date= 31 March 2023 |access-date= 31 March 2023 |language=pt}}</ref>
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