Editing Spring peeper (section)

=== Glands and toxins ===
In ''Hyla crucifer'' males, the blackened pigmentation of the testis affects the [[seminiferous tubules]], the underside of the [[peritoneum]], and the organ itself. The tubules of the testis are surrounded by a pigment layer and a layer of flattened epithelial cells which are located within the surrounding connective tissue. The thickness of an average testis is about 1.10&nbsp;mm and 2.5&nbsp;mm in length. The [[spermatogonia]] are a cluster of masses jutting out from the [[Proximal tubule|tubule lumen]]. In the late fall, the spermatozoa, located in the [[seminiferous tubule]]s of the spring peeper, mature and remain there until the spring for breeding. After the seminiferous tubules are emptied, during mating season, the pigmentation of the testis changes from black to a dull grey.<ref name=Rugh1941/>

In the spring peeper, most of its energy is used during courtship. Higher energetic costs in female spring peepers are associated with [[gametogenesis]], which occurs before breeding. Stored reserves of fat and [[glycogen]] contents can be measured early in the reproductive process to determine the amount used in spring peepers and their correlation to body size. Nonpolar lipid and glycogen content in male spring peepers increased with body mass, whereas in females, it decreased or had minimal variation.<ref name="Duffitt-2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Duffitt |first1=Ashley D. |last2=Finkler |first2=Michael S. |date=2011 |title=Sex-Related Differences in Somatic Stored Energy Reserves of ''Pseudacris crucifer'' and Pseudacris triseriata during the Early Breeding Season |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=224–229 |doi=10.1670/09-263.1 |jstor=41415272 |s2cid=83807187 }}</ref> The fiber [[triglyceride]] and glycogen contents of the female spring peeper's liver increased significantly slower than in males as body mass increased. At the beginning of the breeding season, male spring peepers have more significant amounts of bodily lipid content. Therefore, those that are larger are experiencing lower efficiencies in calling. More reserves of glycogen and lipids are required to maintain calling during the season and require additional rationing of reserves to prepare themselves for courtship. In females, there is a positive correlation between their snout length and wet ovary mass, which also correlates to an increase in body size.<ref name="Duffitt-2011" />