Editing Start-stop system (section)

==History==
Carbon monoxide emissions and the fuel shortage/oil crisis of the 1970s pushed car manufacturers to find solutions to reduce gas consumption. The first vehicle to use the automatic on/off switch was the six-cylinder [[Toyota Crown]] in 1974<ref name="books.google.ca">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RkeRDMj1r2kC&pg=PA170|title=Automatic on/off switch gives 10-percent gas saving|date=October 1974|access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref><ref name=krx>{{cite journal | journal = Popular Science | date = 1974-01-08 | volume = 205 | number = 4 | publisher = Times Mirror Magazines, Inc. | location = New York, N.Y. USA | language = en | title = Automatic on/off switch gives 10-percent gas saving | last = Dunham | first = Bob | page = 170 }}</ref> and was already claiming a 10% gas saving in traffic. In the 1980s, the [[Fiat Regata]] "ES" with the City-matic system<ref name=krant>{{cite journal | journal = Autovisie | date = 1983-12-24 | volume = 28 | number = 26 | publisher = Folio Groep B.V. | location = Hilversum, Netherlands | language = nl | title = Test: Fiat Regata 85S | last = Jongeneel | first = Jeroen | page = 48 | ref = AVtest }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italiaspeed.com/2009/cars/fiat/02/regatta_es/1602.html|title=Fiat Regata Sedan Boasted 'Stop-Start' Technology More Than Two Decades Ago|access-date=2009-02-18|work=ItaliaSpeed.com}}</ref> and [[Volkswagen Polo]] "Formel E"{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}} also used similar devices. The [[Volkswagen Group]] also adopted it in the [[Volkswagen Golf|Golf]] ''Ecomatic'' in 1994 and in the [[Volkswagen Lupo#Lupo 3L|Volkswagen Lupo "3L"]] and the [[Audi A2#1.2 TDI "3L"|Audi A2 "3L"]] in 1999. Though these early implementations were considered rather disconcerting by many drivers, and high pricing failed to yield these cars much commercial success, both the Volkswagen Lupo and the Audi A2 (in their "3 litre" leverage) were more efficient than any production car available in the US at the time of their release.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/consumer/autos/mareview/mauto497.htm |title=VW Lupo: Rough road to fuel economy |last1=Healey |first1=James R. |date=1999-08-27 |website=USA Today |access-date=2016-04-10 }}</ref>

Since [[European emission standards|European emission standard]] Euro 5, more and more vehicles include a start-stop system, whatever the price level,<ref>Grey Olivia (9 October 2014). [https://www.veteranstodaymoney.com/2014/10/engine-stop-start-systems-a-brilliant-invention-in-the-automotive-history/ "Engine Stop-Start Systems – A Brilliant Invention In The Automotive History"]. ''VT Money''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032437/https://www.veteranstodaymoney.com/2014/10/engine-stop-start-systems-a-brilliant-invention-in-the-automotive-history/}}</ref> as reducing idling also reduces vehicles' emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>, a prime cause of global warming.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide |website=Climate.gov |publisher=US Dept. of Commerce |access-date=3 November 2022 |date=June 23, 2022 |quote=According to observations by the NOAA Global Monitoring Lab, in 2021 carbon dioxide alone was responsible for about two-thirds of the total heating influence of all human-produced greenhouse gases.}}</ref>

Manufacturers continued to refine the system. In 2010, Valeo declared that its second Start-Stop generation would appear in the same year.<ref name="Autonews">{{cite web|title=Technologie Valeo : présentation du deuxième ''Stop and Start''|url=http://www.autonews.fr/dossiers/technologie/19560-valeo-presentation-du-deuxieme-stop-and-start/|author=Laurent Lepsch|agency=Autonews.fr|date=15 June 2010|id=Technologie Valeo : présentation du deuxième ''Stop and Start''}}</ref> This new generation would be called "i-StARS".The [[Valeo]] system is included in [[Citroën]], [[Land Rover]], [[Peugeot]], [[Smart (marque)|Smart]], and [[Volvo]], while the [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] system is included in [[Fiat]], [[Nissan]], [[SEAT]], and [[Volkswagen]], with various motorization including essence and diesel. Bosch developed a system for automatic cars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carpress.co.uk/motoring-news/featured-articles/startstop-developed-for-automatic-vehicles/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100824065229/http://www.carpress.co.uk/motoring-news/featured-articles/startstop-developed-for-automatic-vehicles/ |archive-date=24 August 2010 |title=Start/Stop developed for automatic vehicles |first=Donna |last=Kelly |website=CarPress |date=30 July 2010}}</ref>

The [[Mazda]] Smart Idle Stop System (SISS) uses combustion start instead of electrical start. By sensing the position of the pistons in the cylinders, the engine is stopped in a configuration that allows immediate starting by combustion. Mazda claims quieter and quicker engine restart within 0.35 seconds.<ref>Jacqueline Favez (1 April 2010). [http://www.lessentiel.lu/news/story/26585290 "Les moteurs qui s'arrêtent tout seuls au feu rouge"]. ''L'Essentiel''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15126526/engine-stop-start-technology/|title=Engine Stop/Start Systems on Nonhybrid Vehicles|work=Car and Driver |publisher=Hearst Magazine Media|date=4 March 2011|access-date=18 Dec 2019}}</ref>

The [[Kia Motors|Kia]] ISG EcoDynamics system uses [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Valeo]], and [[Varta]] components.<ref>[http://www.kia.com/fr/decouvrirkia/environnement/le-systeme-stop-and-go/ "Le système Stop and Go (ISG)"]. Kia.</ref>