Editing Strangling (section)

==Ligature strangulation==
{{Further|Garrote}}
<!-- This section is linked from [[Operation: Mindcrime]] -->[[File:Strangulation of Godelieve.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Illustration depicting the ligature strangulation of [[Godelieve|Saint Godelieve]]]]
Ligature strangulation or garroting is strangling with some form of cord such as rope, wire, chain, or shoelaces (a [[garrote]]) either partially or fully circumferencing the neck.<ref name=turvey>Turvey, Brent (1996). [http://www.corpus-delicti.com/ligature.html A guide to the physical analysis of ligature patterns in homicide investigations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724051447/http://www.corpus-delicti.com/ligature.html |date=2012-07-24 }}. Knowledge Solutions Library, Electronic Publication. ''www.corpus-delicti.com''. URL last accessed 1 March 2006.</ref> Even though the mechanism of strangulation is similar, it is usually distinguished from [[hanging]] by the strangling force being something other than the person's own body weight.<ref name=ferris/> Incomplete occlusion of the [[carotid arteries]] is expected and, in cases of [[homicide]], the victim may struggle for a period of time,<ref name=ferris/> with unconsciousness typically occurring in 10 to 15 seconds.<ref name=turvey/> Cases of ligature strangulation generally involve homicides of women, children, and the elderly.<ref name=ferris/> Compared to hanging, the ligature mark will most likely be located lower on the neck of the victim.

During the [[Spanish Inquisition]], victims who admitted their alleged sins and recanted were killed via ligature strangulation (i.e. the garrote) before their bodies were burnt during the ''[[auto-da-fé]]''.<ref>Reston, James Jr. ''Dogs of God: Columbus, the Inquisition, and the Defeat of the Moors.'' Doubleday, 2005. {{ISBN|0-385-50848-4}}.</ref> Throughout much of the 20th and 21st centuries, the [[American Mafia]] used ligature strangulation as a means of murdering their victims.  Confessed American [[serial killer]] [[Altemio Sanchez]] used ligature strangulation in the rapes and/or murders of his victims, as did [[Gary Ridgway]] (the Green River Killer) and British serial killer [[Dennis Nilsen]].<ref>{{cite book |first= Brian |last=Masters|author-link=Brian Masters|title=Killing for Company: The Case of Dennis Nilsen |page=160 |publisher=[[Random House]] |location=New York City |year= 1985 |isbn=978-0-812-83104-7}}</ref>

{{Anchor|Incaprettamento}}''Incaprettamento'' (derived from a term meaning "to tie up like a [[kid goat]]") is a method of strangulation in which the victim's neck is tied to their legs bent behind their back (similar to [[hogtie]]), so that the victim effectively strangled themselves. This method was common throughout [[Neolithic Europe]], and occurred for over two thousands years in northern and southern Europe, as evidenced by skeleton remains. It is uncertain why it was so common, but researchers speculate a person bound in this way might be considered to have strangled themselves, versus being killed by someone else. Victims may have been part of a ritual sacrifice. Rock art in Addaura Cave, [[Sicily]], made between 16,000 and 13,000 [[Before Present|BP]], depict two human figures bound in the incaprettamento manner. Today, it is a method of homicide mostly associated with the [[Italian Mafia]], who have used it as a ritual warning or reprimand.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/neolithic-women-europe-were-tied-191955892.html |title=Neolithic women in Europe were tied up and buried alive in ritual sacrifices, study suggests |work=LiveScience |via=[[Yahoo! News]] |first=Tom |last=Metcalfe |date=April 10, 2014 |access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref><ref name="Fineschi">{{cite journal |title=Typical Homicide Ritual of the Italian Mafia (Incaprettamento) |journal=[[The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology]] |first1=V. |last1=Fineschi |date=March 1998 |volume=97 |number=1 |pages=87-92 |url=https://journals.lww.com/amjforensicmedicine/abstract/1998/03000/typical_homicide_ritual_of_the_italian_mafia.17.aspx }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ludes |first1=Bertrand |last2=Alcouffe |first2=Ameline |last3=Tupikova |first3=Irina |last4=Gérard |first4=Patrice |last5=Tchérémissinoff |first5=Yaramila |last6=Ribéron |first6=Alexandre |last7=Guilaine |first7=Jean |last8=Beeching |first8=Alain |last9=Crubézy |first9=Eric |title=A ritual murder shaped the Early and Middle Neolithic across Central and Southern Europe |journal=[[Science Advances]] |date=2024 |volume=10 |issue=15 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adl3374 |doi-access=free|pmc=11006212 }}</ref>