Editing Structural violence (section)

=== Others ===
In his book ''Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic'', [[James Gilligan]] defines ''structural violence'' as "the increased rates of death and disability suffered by those who occupy the bottom rungs of society, as contrasted with the relatively lower [[death rates]] experienced by those who are above them." Gilligan largely describes these "[[excess deaths]]" as "non-natural" and attributes them to the stress, shame, [[discrimination]], and denigration that results from lower status. He draws on [[Richard Sennett]] and Jonathan Cobb (i.e., ''The Hidden Injuries of Class'', 1973), who examine the "contest for dignity" in a context of dramatic [[social inequality|inequality]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gilligan|first1=James|title=Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic|date=1996|publisher=First Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=0-679-77912-4|edition=second}}</ref>

In her [[Interdisciplinary teaching|interdisciplinary]] textbook on violence, [[Bandy X. Lee]] wrote "Structural violence refers to the avoidable limitations that society places on groups of people that constrain them from meeting their basic needs and achieving the quality of life that would otherwise be possible. These limitations, which can be political, economic, religious, cultural, or legal in nature, usually originate in institutions that exercise power over particular subjects."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Lee|first=Bandy X.|title=Violence: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Causes, Consequences, and Cures|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2019|isbn=978-1-119-24068-6|location=New York, NY|pages=123–42}}</ref> She goes on to say that "[it] is therefore an illustration of a power system wherein social structures or institutions cause harm to people in a way that results in [[maldevelopment]] and other deprivations."<ref name=":0" />

Rather than the term being called ''[[Social justice|social injustice]]'' or ''[[Social oppression|oppression]]'', there is an advocacy for it to be called ''violence'' because this phenomenon comes from, and can be corrected by, human decisions, rather than just [[natural causes]].<ref name=":0" />