Editing Students' union (section)

===Asia and Oceania===

====Australia====
{{Main|Student unionism in Australia}}

In [[Australia]], all [[List of universities in Australia|universities]] have one or more student organizations.

Australian student unions typically provide such services as eateries, small retail outlets (e.g., news agencies), student media (e.g., campus newspapers), advocacy, and support for a variety of social, arts, political, recreational, special interest and sporting clubs and societies. Most also operate specialized support services for female, [[LGBT]], international and [[indigenous people|indigenous]] students. Many expressed concerns over the introduction of [[voluntary student unionism]] (VSU) in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=Debate rages over voluntary student unionism|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-04-27/debate-rages-over-voluntary-student-unionism/1558892|access-date=1 February 2017|publisher=ABC|date=27 Apr 2005}}</ref>

In 2011, the Government passed legislation to allow universities to charge students a compulsory service fee to fund amenities such as sporting facilities, childcare and counselling, as well as student media and "advocating students' interests".<ref>{{cite web|title=Student Services and Amenities Fee|url=https://www.education.gov.au/student-services-and-amenities-fee|website=Department of Education and Training|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

The [[National Union of Students of Australia]] represents post school students at a national level; the [[Council of Australian Postgraduate Associations]] is the umbrella organisation for postgraduate students' unions.

====Azerbaijan====
Azerbaijan Students Union (ASU) was established by students from Baku on 15 September 2008. ASU is an organization which was established on basis of international experience and it was the first student organization which united students irrespective of gender, race, creed, nationality.

During its action period ASU has formed stable structure, presented new suggestions about student policy to appropriate bodies, made close relations with international and regional student organizations, prepared new action plan according to the universities-students-companies' relations in Azerbaijan.

ASU considered international relations very important. For the first time ASU's delegates were participants of the First Asia IAESTE Forum in Shanghai during 12–15 November 2009. After that forum ASU established close relations with IAESTE which is one of the biggest student exchange organizations. As a result of relations on 21 January 2010 ASU was accepted a member of IAESTE. The union gained right to represent Azerbaijan students in IAESTE. That membership was the union's first success on international level. During 20–27 January Azerbaijan Students Union was accepted as associative member of IAESTE in 64th Annual Conference in Thailand. Azerbaijan Students Union has been a full member of European Students' Union until 2015.

====China====
In [[China]], the student body is usually referred to as 学生会 ({{zh|p=xuéshēng hùi|l=student union}}) or 学生联合会 ({{zh|p=xuéshēng liánhé hùi|l=student league}}).

Membership in different universities has different functions. Some universities may give the membership a task of recording the students' attendance and the complex grades. Student associations of Chinese universities are mostly under the leadership of [[Communist Youth League of China]], which to a large extent limit its function as an organization purely belonging to students themselves.

====Hong Kong====
All [[List of universities in Hong Kong|universities]] in [[Hong Kong]] had students' unions until the [[2020 Hong Kong national security law|Hong Kong national security law]] came into effect in 2020, when the many students' unions were forced to disband under political pressure.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/the-death-of-hong-kongs-university-student-unions/ | title=The Death of Hong Kong's University Student Unions }}</ref> Most of these students' unions were members of the [[Hong Kong Federation of Students]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hkfsu.org/about.html|title=About FSU 關於我們 – HKFSU 香港學生會總會 hkfsu.org|last=HKFSU|website=hkfsu.org}}</ref> Many [[secondary schools]] also have students' unions or the equivalent. Students' unions are called [[student council]] and students' association in some secondary schools. Students' unions in secondary schools and universities are elected democratically and universally by the student population, and the cabinet winning a simple majority becomes the new students' union of the year. Students' union maintain quite a hierarchical structure.

====India====
{{Main|List of Indian student organisations}}

India has developed a complex tradition of student politics dating from the era of Indian National Congress movement domination. Student unions are organised both within universities, like the Student Council of IISc and across universities, [[All India Students Federation]] (AISF) is the oldest student organisation in India founded on August 12, 1936. AISF is the only students organisation in the country which was actively involved in the Indian freedom struggle,  but affiliated with political parties, as in the case of [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]], [[All India Muslim Students Federation|Muslim Students Federation]], [[Students Federation of India]], [[National Students Union of India]] etc. who compete in elections to control posts in universities and colleges. Examples of activist unions include the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union]], [[Delhi University Students Union]], [[Udai pratap college students Union]] [[Swaero Student Union]]. Recently few school administrations had also started including the student government system as co-curricular activities in one form or another. There is one of a kind, non-political independent architectural students body, [[National Association of Students of Architecture]].

====Indonesia====
In [[Indonesia]], every university, college and higher education school has a student union.

The official student union in junior and senior high school is usually called ''Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah'' (Intra-School Student Organization, abbreviated as ''OSIS''), is formed by the school. A general election to choose the leader is usually held every year. OSIS organizes the school's extracurricular activities such as music shows and art gallery (''pentas seni/pensi'').

The student union in universities is commonly called ''Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa'' (Student Executive Board, abbreviated as ''BEM''), though the official name could be vary between universities or faculties. Most of BEMs are affiliated with several national unions, such as [[All-Indonesian Students' Union|All-Indonesian BEM]] (BEM SI) or BEM Nusantara (BEMNUS).

====Japan====
In [[Japan]], the student body is called 学生自治会 (gakusei-jichi-kai). In Japanese, the word 学生自治会 (gakusei-jichi-kai) means students' self-government-organizations. The student body in Japan promotes [[extracurricular]] activities. Usually, a cultural association, 文化会 (bunka-kai), and a sports association, 体育会 (taiiku-kai), are included within a student body as autonomous organizations. A student belongs to one or more students' organizations, and he or she does extracurricular activities through these students' organizations. However, the extracurricular activities of universities and colleges have been declining since the 1990s{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}.

There is no nationwide student union in Japan that participates in university administration or university management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niad.ac.jp/english/overview_jp_e_ver2.pdf|title=Quality Assurance System in Higher Education (p13)|last=(NIAD-UE)|first=National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation|date=2014|website=NIAD|access-date=February 23, 2020}}</ref>

====Malaysia====

[[Malaysia]] has 20 public universities. Each of them has one students' representative council ({{langx|ms|Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar, MPP}}), the highest student body of such university as stipulated in the [[Universities and University Colleges Act 1971]] (AUKU).<blockquote>The registered students of the University, other than external students, shall together constitute a body to be known as the Students' Union of the University, and the Union shall elect a Students' Representative Council.  (Article 48 Section 1-2, Universities and University Colleges Act)</blockquote>A general election is held every year, usually in November (With the exception of [[University of Malaya]] in July), to elect representatives to MPP. The percentage of voter turn-outs are usually high (70 to 95 percent) largely due to enforcements from the universities' management which, at the same time, acts as the Election Committee. Amendments on the [[Universities and University Colleges Act 1971]] in 2019 allows students to be fully in-charge of the Election Committee.

Every year, the Malaysian [[Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)|Ministry of Higher Education]] would set meetings and arrange programmes with all MPPs. Nevertheless, each MPP has their own autonomous right to govern their own membership. The size of MPP differs from each university, from as little as 12 to as many as 50, which may include non-associate members from student leaders representing their respective student body. All MPP members are part-time and unpaid officers.

In 2011, [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] established Students' Consultative Assembly ({{langx|ms|Dewan Perundingan Pelajar, DPP}}), the first student parliament established and the oldest of its kind in Malaysia, to involve participation of more student leaders in decision and policy making as well as to establish a legislative branch in its Students' Union system instead of having the only executive branch. A university student parliament is composed of MPP members and other elected or appointed student leaders representing their respective student body, along with the presence of the management's and students' representative as observers. In 2020, [[Universiti Utara Malaysia]] revived the Students' Parliament ({{langx|ms|Parlimen Mahasiswa}}) as the legislative branch in its Students' Union system which was left dormant since its last meeting at 2013 and the next meeting since its revival was held in April 2021. As at May 2021, 8 public universities in Malaysia had their student parliament established.

However, there were several disputes regarding the autonomy of the MPP, since executive decisions were depending upon the advice of the Students' Affairs Department ({{langx|ms|Jabatan Hal Ehwal Pelajar}}), especially among several students' rights activists, who insists that the [[Universities and University Colleges Act 1971]] (AUKU) to be abolished and replaced with a new act to 'revive' students' autonomy on administration as in the 1960s'.

====New Zealand====
Students associations have a strong history in New Zealand of involvement in political causes, notably the [[Halt All Racist Tours]] campaign during the [[1981 Springbok Tour]]. All universities, and most polytechnics and colleges of education have a students association. Since the economic reforms of the 1990s and the introduction of user pays in tertiary education, students associations and the national body have shifted their focus to challenging inequities in the student loan scheme and high levels of student debt.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} Part-time work alongside the introduction of internal assessment and the change of semester structure has been attributed to the declining involvement in extracurricular activities and a shift in focus of the student movement from mass protest to lobbying.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

Previous to 1998 membership of Students' Associations (pep) was compulsory at all public Tertiary Education providers (universities, polytechnics and colleges of education). In 1997 the centre-right [[New Zealand National Party|National]] party proposed the [[Voluntary Student Unionism|Voluntary Student Membership]] amendment to the Education act which would have made membership of Students' Associations voluntary at all Tertiary Education Providers.

However the National Party relied on support from the centrist [[New Zealand First]] party to pass legislation. The New Zealand First party preferred that Tertiary Students themselves choose whether their provider should be voluntary or compulsory and pushed through a compromise to the amendment that allowed for a Compulsory Vs Voluntary referendum to be held at every public Tertiary Education Provider. The amendment also allowed for subsequent referendums which could not be held until at least two years had passed since the previous referendum and only if a petition was signed by 10% of the student populace.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

The first wave of referendums were held in 1999, in which several Polytechnics and two Universities (the [[University of Waikato]] and the [[University of Auckland]]) elected to become voluntary.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} In 2002 a second referendum was held at the University of Waikato and students choose to return to compulsory student membership.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} Similar referendums at Auckland University in 2001, 2003 and 2005 have all elected to retain voluntary student membership.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

Most of New Zealand Tertiary students' associations are confederated under the [[New Zealand Union of Students' Associations]].

====Philippines====
Student unions in the [[Philippines]] are referred to as '''student government''' and/or '''student council''' ({{langx|fil|Konseho ng mga Mag-aaral}}). They are vital organizations for student representation and advancing the struggle of the people for their democratic rights and freedoms. At the primary and secondary level, student unions are referred to as pupil government handled by the [[Department of Education (Philippines)|Department of Education]] under their [[Student Government in the Philippines|Student Government Program]]. Meanwhile, at the tertiary level, private and state colleges and universities have their own student councils. As universities may further be subdivided into colleges with their own specializations (e.g., College of Law, College of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, etc.), the highest student representation will usually be referred to as the ''university student council'' while the student representation of these colleges will be called ''college student council(s)''.

Student councils, especially those in universities, have a history of activism in the local and national level due to various socio-political and economic issues, with the [[First Quarter Storm]] and the [[Diliman Commune]] being two of many examples.

Aside from student unions, students are further represented in overall decision-making of their respective university's governing body through the student regent (e.g., UP Office of the Student Regent for the students of the [[University of the Philippines|University of the Philippines System]]). The student regent is a consequence of tireless and continuous struggle of the students to be represented in the highest policy-making body of their respective universities such as the school board where the student regent has voting powers, among others. Student regents are very common for universities with campuses in different locations and most especially in state universities and colleges. 

On the other hand, these student unions are also connected throughout the country through various alliances or networks such as the National Union of Students of the Philippines (NUSP), which serves as a nationwide alliance of student councils/governments/unions committed to the advancement of the students' democratic rights and welfare since its establishment in 1957.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

====Sri Lanka====
In [[Sri Lanka]], each state university has several Students' unions with formal links to respective faculties. [[Inter University Students' Federation]] is the [[umbrella organization]] of 14 unions of university students. However, most of these have political affiliations and function as proxies of these political factions. Many unions take an active political role within the university and in the country as a whole. This frequently lead to much clashes between rival students' unions or the authorities.

====Taiwan====
In [[Taiwan]], the student body is called 學生會 ({{zh|p=Xuéshēng Hùi|l=student union or student association}}) or 學生自治會 ({{zh|p=Xuéshēng Zìzhì Hùi|l=students' self-government-organizations}}), these groups are often known as '''student association''' and '''students' union''', or less commonly a '''student government'''. The law requires all universities and high schools should have a Student Association. Many [[List of universities in Taiwan|universities]] student association in Taiwan are members of the [[National Students' Union of Taiwan]] ({{zh|t=臺灣學生聯合會}}).

==== Myanmar ====

The role of students' unions in Myanmar were attached with Politics. From 1920, the students' union were outcoming and tried to get the Interdependence of Nation. There were many students boycotts in Myanmar: 1920, 1936, 1962, 1974–75–76, 1988, 1996, 2007 and recently 2015 March. Most of them were connected with political issues.