Editing Subthalamic nucleus (section)

===Afferent axons===
The subthalamic nucleus receives its main input from the [[external globus pallidus]] (GPe),<ref name="pmid2350684">{{cite journal | vauthors = Canteras NS, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, Silva BA, Ricardo JA | title = Afferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus: a combined retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase study in the rat | journal = Brain Research | volume = 513 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–59 | date = April 1990 | pmid = 2350684 | doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91087-W | s2cid = 22996045 }}</ref> not so much through the [[ansa lenticularis]] as often said but by radiating 'comb' fibers crossing the medial pallidum first and the internal capsule (forming part of [[Ludwig Edinger|Edinger]]'s comb system, see figure), as well as the ansa subthalamica.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alho EJ, Alho AT, Horn A, Martin MD, Edlow BL, Fischl B, Nagy J, Fonoff ET, Hamani C, Heinsen H | title = The Ansa Subthalamica: A Neglected Fiber Tract | journal = Movement Disorders | volume = 35 | issue = 1 | pages = 75–80 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31758733 | doi = 10.1002/mds.27901 }}</ref> These [[afferent nerve fiber|afferents]] are GABAergic, inhibiting neurons in the subthalamic nucleus. Excitatory, glutamatergic inputs come from the [[cerebral cortex]] (entire frontal cortex with a predominance for motor, premotor and oculomotor input to the posterolateral part of the nucleus), and from the pars [[parafascicularis]] of the [[central complex]]. The subthalamic nucleus also receives [[neuromodulator]]y inputs, notably [[dopaminergic]] axons from the [[substantia nigra]] pars compacta.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cragg SJ, Baufreton J, Xue Y, Bolam JP, Bevan MD | title = Synaptic release of dopamine in the subthalamic nucleus | journal = The European Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 20 | issue = 7 | pages = 1788–1802 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15380000 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03629.x | s2cid = 14698708 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
It also receives inputs from the [[pedunculopontine nucleus]].