Editing Super-resolution imaging (section)

===Optical or diffractive super-resolution===
Substituting spatial-frequency bands: Though the bandwidth allowable by diffraction is fixed, it can be positioned anywhere in the spatial-frequency spectrum. [[Dark-field microscopy|Dark-field illumination]] in microscopy is an example. See also [[aperture synthesis]].

[[File:Structured Illumination Superresolution.png|thumb|left|220px|The "structured illumination" technique of super-resolution is related to [[moiré pattern]]s. The target, a band of fine fringes (top row), is beyond the diffraction limit. When a band of somewhat coarser resolvable fringes (second row) is artificially superimposed, the combination (third row) features [[Moiré pattern|moiré]] components that are within the diffraction limit and hence contained in the image (bottom row) allowing the presence of the fine fringes to be inferred even though they are not themselves represented in the image.]]

====Multiplexing spatial-frequency bands====
An image is formed using the normal passband of the optical device. Then some known light structure, for example a set of light fringes that need not even be within the passband, is superimposed on the target.<ref name="Guerra 3555–3557"/><ref name = "Gustaffson"/> The image now contains components resulting from the combination of the target and the superimposed light structure, e.g. [[Moiré pattern|moiré fringes]], and carries information about target detail which simple unstructured illumination does not. The “superresolved” components, however, need disentangling to be revealed. For an example, see structured illumination (figure to left).

====Multiple parameter use within traditional diffraction limit====
If a target has no special polarization or wavelength properties, two polarization states or non-overlapping wavelength regions can be used to encode target details, one in a spatial-frequency band inside the cut-off limit the other beyond it. Both would use normal passband transmission but are then separately decoded to reconstitute target structure with extended resolution.

====Probing near-field electromagnetic disturbance====
The usual discussion of super-resolution involved conventional imagery of an object by an optical system. But modern technology allows probing the electromagnetic disturbance within molecular distances of the source<ref name="near-field"/> which has superior resolution properties, see also [[evanescent waves]] and the development of the new [[super lens]].