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Sustainable agriculture
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=== Key principles === There are several key principles associated with sustainability in agriculture:<ref name="Pretty2008">{{Cite journal |last=Pretty |first=Jules N. |date=March 2008 |title=Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1491 |pages=447β465 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2163 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=2610163 |pmid=17652074}}</ref> # The incorporation of biological and ecological processes such as [[Nutrient cycle|nutrient cycling]], [[soil regeneration]], and [[nitrogen fixation]] into agricultural and food production practices. # Using decreased amounts of non-renewable and unsustainable inputs, particularly environmentally harmful ones. # Using the expertise of farmers to both productively work the land as well as to promote the self-reliance and self-sufficiency of farmers. # Solving agricultural and natural resource problems through the cooperation and collaboration of people with different skills. The problems tackled include [[Pest control|pest management]] and [[irrigation]]. It "considers long-term as well as short-term economics because sustainability is readily defined as forever, that is, agricultural environments that are designed to promote endless regeneration".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stenholm |first1=Charles |last2=Waggoner |first2=Daniel |date=February 1990 |title=Low-input, sustainable agriculture: Myth or method? |url=http://www.jswconline.org/content/45/1/13.full.pdf+html |journal=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation |volume=45 |issue=1 |page=14 |doi=10.1080/00224561.1990.12456418 |access-date=3 March 2016 |ref=2}}</ref> It balances the need for resource conservation with the needs of [[farmer]]s pursuing their [[livelihood]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tomich |first=Tom |url=http://asi.ucdavis.edu/programs/sarep/about/files/sarep-brochure-2015-rev-with-aubrey.pdf |title=Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program |publisher=University of California |year=2016 |location=Davis, California |access-date=2019-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309081019/http://asi.ucdavis.edu/programs/sarep/about/files/sarep-brochure-2015-rev-with-aubrey.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is considered to be [[reconciliation ecology]], accommodating biodiversity within human landscapes.<ref name="Chrispeels 1994">{{cite book |last1=Chrispeels |first1=M. J. |chapter=Farming Systems: Development, Productivity, and Sustainability |last2=Sadava |first2=D. E. |title=Plants, Genes, and Agriculture |publisher=Jones and Bartlett |year=1994 |isbn=978-0867208719 |pages=25β57}}</ref> Oftentimes, the execution of sustainable practices within farming comes through the adoption of technology and environmentally-focused [[appropriate technology]].
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