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Synthetic language
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===Relational synthesis=== In '''relational synthesis''', [[Root (linguistics)|root words]] are joined to [[bound morpheme]]s to show grammatical function. In other words, it involves the combination of more abstract units of meaning than derivational synthesis.<ref name=":1" /> In the following examples many of the morphemes are related to [[voice (grammar)|voice]] (e.g. passive voice), whether a word is in the [[subject (grammar)|subject]] or [[object (grammar)|object]] of the sentence, [[possession (linguistics)|possession]], [[plural]]ity, or other abstract distinctions in a language: * [[Italian language|Italian]] {{interlinear|lang=it|indent=4 |top= {{lang|it|comunicandovele}} |{{wikt-lang|it|comunicare|comunic}} {{wikt-lang|it|-ando}} {{wikt-lang|it|ve}} {{wikt-lang|it|le}} |communicate GER you.PL those.FEM.PL |"Communicating those[feminine plural] to you[plural]"}} * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] {{interlinear|lang=es|indent=4 |top= {{lang|es|escribiéndomelo}} |{{wikt-lang|es|escribir|escrib}} {{wikt-lang|es|-iendo|iéndo}} {{wikt-lang|es|me}} {{wikt-lang|es|lo}} |write GER me it |"Writing it to me"}} * [[Estonian language|Estonian]] {{interlinear|lang=et|indent=4 |top= {{lang|et|raskestikasvatatav}} |{{wikt-lang|et|raske}} {{wikt-lang|et|kasvatama}} |raske-sti-kasvata-tav |heavy-ly-educat-able}} |"with learning disabilities" * [[Catalan language|Catalan]] {{interlinear|lang=es|indent=4 |top= {{lang|ca|Anem-se'n / Anem-nos-en}} |{{wikt-lang|ca|anar|an}} {{wikt-lang|ca|-em|-em}} {{wikt-lang|ca|-nos|-se/-nos}} {{wikt-lang|ca|en|-en/'n}} |go we ourselves from |"Let's get out of here"}} * [[Nahuatl]] {{interlinear|lang=nah|indent=4 |top= {{lang|nah|ōcāltizquiya}} |ō c ā lti zquiya |PAST 3SG-{{gcl|OBJ|object}} water CAUS IRR |"She would have bathed him"}} * [[Latin language|Latin]] {{interlinear|lang=la|indent=4 |top= {{wikt-lang|la|comprimuntur}} |{{wikt-lang|la|con-|com}} {{wikt-lang|la|premo|prim}} {{wikt-lang|la|comprimunt|unt}} {{wikt-lang|la|comprimuntur|ur}} |together crush they PASS |"They are crushed together"}} * [[Albanian language|Albanian]] **{{lang|sq|jepmani}} ***"give + to me + it[singular] + you[plural] + [[[imperative mood]]]" ***'You, give it to me' * [[Japanese language|Japanese]] {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=4 |top= {{lang|ja|見させられがたい}} ({{transliteration|ja|misaseraregatai}}) |{{wikt-lang|ja|見}} {{wikt-lang|ja|させる|させ}} {{wikt-lang|ja|られる|られ}} {{wikt-lang|ja|かたい|がたい}} |mi sase rare gatai |see CAUS PASS difficult |"It's difficult to be shown [this]"}} * [[Finnish language|Finnish]] {{interlinear|lang=fi|indent=4 |top= {{lang|fi|juoksentelisinkohan}} |{{wikt-lang|fi|juosta}} {{wikt-lang|fi|-ella}} -isin {{wikt-lang|fi|-ko}} {{wikt-lang|fi|-han}} |run FREQ I.COND Q {{gcl|CAS|casual suffix}} |"I wonder if I should run around [aimlessly]"}} * [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] {{interlinear|lang=hu|indent=4 |top= {{lang|hu|házaitokban}} |{{wikt-lang|hu|ház}} {{wikt-lang|hu|-a}} {{wikt-lang|hu|-i}} {{wikt-lang|hu|-tok}} {{wikt-lang|hu|-ban}} |house POSS PL your.PL in |"In your houses"}} {{interlinear|lang=hu|indent=4 |top= {{lang|hu|szeretlek}} |{{wikt-lang|hu|szeret}} {{wikt-lang|hu|-lek}} |love {I REFL you} |"I love you"}} * [[Turkish language|Turkish]] {{interlinear | lang = tr | indent = 4 | top = {{lang|tr|Afyonkarahisarlılaştıramayabileceklerimizden misiniz?}}|[[Afyonkarahisar]] {{wikt-lang|tr|-li|-lı}} -laş -tır {{wikt-lang|tr|-ama}} (y) {{wikt-lang|tr|bilmek|-abil}} {{wikt-lang|tr|-ecek}} {{wikt-lang|tr|-ler}} {{wikt-lang|tr|-imiz}} {{wikt-lang|tr|-den}} {{wikt-lang|tr|misiniz}}?|Afyonkarahisar {citizen of} transform PASS notbe (thematic) able FUT PL we among you-PL-FUT-Q|"Are you[plural/formal] amongst the ones whom we might not be able to make citizens of [[Afyonkarahisar]]?" }} * [[Georgian language|Georgian]] {{fs interlinear|lang=ka|indent=4 |top= {{lang|ka|გადმოგვახტუნებინებდნენო}} ({{transliteration|ka|gadmogvakhṭunebinebdneno}}) |{{wikt-lang|ka|გადმო-}} გვ- ა- {{wikt-lang|ka|ხტუნვა|ხტუნ}} {{wikt-lang|ka|-ებ-|-ებ}} -ინ {{wikt-lang|ka|-ებ-|-ებ}} -დ -ნენ {{wikt-lang|ka|-ო}} |gadmo gv a khtun eb in eb d nen o |"They said that they would be forced by them [the others] to make someone to jump over in this direction." (The word describes the whole sentence that incorporates tense, subject, object, relation between them, direction of the action, conditional and causative markers etc.)}}
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