Editing T and O map (section)

===Spherical Earth concept===
Although Isidore taught in the ''Etymologiae'' that the Earth was "round", his meaning was ambiguous and some writers think he referred to a disc-shaped Earth. However, other writings by Isidore make it clear that he considered the Earth to be [[spherical Earth|spherical]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=Wesley M. |last=Stevens |title=The Figure of the Earth in Isidore's 'De natura rerum' |journal=[[Isis (journal)|Isis]] |volume=71 |year=1980 |issue=2 |pages=268–277 |doi= 10.1086/352464|jstor=230175 |s2cid=133430429 }}</ref><ref name="Woodward">Woodward, David. "Reality, Symbolism, Time, and Space in Medieval World Maps", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1985, p. 517-519.</ref> Indeed, the spherical Earth had been the prevailing scholarly assumption since at least [[Aristotle]], who had delineated a ''frigid clime'' at the [[Geographical pole|poles]], a ''torrid clime'' near the [[equator]], and a habitable ''temperate clime'' in between.

[[File:Radkarte MKL1888 edited (T and O style, east-up).png|thumb|left|Ideal reconstruction of medieval world maps (from ''Meyers Konversationslexikon'', 1895)]]
[[File:Orthographic T&O.png|thumb|A "T-O" map made with modern cartography]]
The T and O map represents only half of the spherical Earth,<ref name=livingston>Michael Livingston, [http://www.strangehorizons.com/2002/20020610/medieval_maps.shtml Modern Medieval Map Myths: The Flat World, Ancient Sea-Kings, and Dragons] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209042605/http://www.strangehorizons.com/2002/20020610/medieval_maps.shtml |date=2006-02-09 }}, 2002.</ref> presumably a convenient [[map projection|projection]] of the known northern temperate region. It was believed that no one could cross the torrid equatorial clime and reach the unknown lands to the south, the [[antipodes]].<ref name=livingston/><ref>{{cite journal |first=Alfred |last=Hiatt |title=Blank Spaces on the Earth |journal=The Yale Journal of Criticism |volume=15 |year=2002 |issue=2 |pages=223–250 |doi=10.1353/yale.2002.0019 |s2cid=145164637 }}</ref>