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Taa language
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==Alternate names== The various dialects and social groups of the Taa, their many names, the unreliability of transcriptions found in the literature, and the fact that names may be shared between languages and that dialects have been classified, has resulted in a great deal of confusion. Traill (1974), for example, spent two chapters of his ''Compleat Guide to the Koon'' [sic] disentangling names and dialects.<ref name="Treis">Yvonne Treis, 1998, "Names of Khoisan Languages and their Variants"</ref> The name ''莾Xoon'' (more precisely ''莾X贸玫)'' is only used at Aminius Reserve in Namibia, around Lone Tree where Traill primarily worked, and at Dzutshwa (Botswana). It is, however, used by the 莾Xoon for all Taa speakers. It has been variously spelled ''莾x艒, 莾k蓴虄藧, 莾ko/莾k玫, Khong,'' and the fully anglicized ''Koon''. Bleek's N莯u莵始en dialect{{notetag|Distinguish ''莵Ng 莾始e'', a form of [[N莵ng language|N莵ng]], and ''莵浓莵始e,'' which is related to [[Seroa language|Seroa]].}} has been spelled ''莯Nu莵en, 莯Nu莵e隇塶, Ng莯u莵en, Nguen, N莯hu莵茅i, 艐莯u莵岷絠n, 艐莯u莵岷絠, 艐莯u莵en, 莯u莵en.'' It has also been called by the ambiguous Khoekhoe term ''N莯usan (N莯u-san, N莯奴s膩, N莯uusaa, N莯husi),'' sometimes rendered ''Nusan'' or ''Noosan'', which has been used for other languages in the area. A subgroup was known as ''Koon'' {{IPA|[k蓴虄藧]}}. This dialect is apparently extinct. [[Ernst Oswald Johannes Westphal|Westphal]] studied 莻Huan (莻h农a) dialect (or ''莻H农a-蕵wani''), and used this name for the entire language. However, the term is ambiguous between Taa (Western 莻H农a) and [[莻始Amkoe language|莻始Amkoe]] (Eastern 莻H农a), and for this reason Traill chose to call the language ''莾X贸玫''. Tsaasi dialect is quite similar to 莻Huan, and like ''莻Huan,'' the name is used ambiguously for a dialect of 莻始Amkoe. This is a Tswana name, variously rendered ''Tshasi, Tshase, T蕛ase, Tsase,'' ''Sasi'', and ''Sase''. The Tswana term for Bushmen, ''Masarwa'', is frequently encountered. More specific to the Taa are ''Magon (Magong)'' and the ''Tshasi'' mentioned above. The Taa distinguish themselves along at least some of the groups above. Like many San peoples, they also distinguish themselves by the environment they live in (plain people, river people, etc.), and also by direction. Traill reports the following:<ref name="Treis" /> :''{{IPA|莾ama 蕵蕯芒ni}}'' "westerners" :''{{IPA|莻h奴茫 蕵蕯芒ni}}'' "southerners" :''{{IPA|蕵qh艒a 蕵蕯芒ni}}'' "in-betweeners" :''{{IPA|t霉u 蕯蕵n膩hns膩虃}}'' "pure people" Heinz reports that ''{{IPA|莾x贸玫}}'' is an exonym given by other Bushmen, and that the Taa call themselves ''{{IPA|莾xoia}}.'' The Taa refer to their language as ''{{IPA|t芒a 莻芒茫}}'' "people's language". Westphal (1971) adopted the word ''{{IPA|t芒a}}'' "person" as the name for the Southern Khoisan language family, which is now called ''Tuu''.<ref name="Treis" /> The East 莾Xoon term for the language is ''莾x贸刹a 莻芒茫'' {{IPA|nmn|莾汀蠂蓴甩 刹a帅 莻茫藧帅拴|}}.{{sfn|Traill|1994}}
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