Editing Tahmasp I (section)

== Early life ==
Abu'l-Fath Tahmasp Mirza{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009a|p=58}}{{Efn|In the Safavid society, when the term [[Mirza (noble)|Mirza]] (the equivalent of Prince) was used after a name, e.g. Tahmasp Mirza, it was referring to a prince, while if it was used before a name, like Mirza Ebrahim, Mirza Taqi, it meant that the man belonged to the bureaucratic class and the literati.{{sfn|Maeda|2021|p=130}}}} was born on 22 February 1514 in [[Shahabad, Isfahan|Shahabad]], a village near [[Isfahan]], as the eldest son of Ismail I and his principal consort, [[Tajlu Khanum]].{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009b}} According to the narrative told by Iranian {{transliteration|fa|naqqal}}''s'' ([[coffeehouse]] storytellers), on the night of Tahmasp's birth, a storm erupted, with wind, rain, and lightning. Tajlu Khanum, feeling her labour pains beginning, suggested that the royal caravan camp in some village. The royal caravan thus headed to Shahabad. The {{transliteration|fa|kadkhoda}} (warden) of the village was a Sunni and did not let Tajlu Khanum enter his house, but a Shia resident of the village welcomed her into his modest house.{{Sfn|Wood|2018|p=69}} By then, Tajlu Begum's pain had made her faint, and shortly after entering the house gave birth to a son.{{Sfn|Wood|2018|p=70}} When the news reached Ismail, he was reportedly "heaped" with utmost joy and happiness, but refrained from seeing his son until his astrologers gave him an auspicious date to do so. When the auspicious hour arrived, the young boy was presented to Ismail and astrologers foresaw his future to be one entwisted with war and peace and that he would have many sons.{{Sfn|Wood|2018|p=78}} Ismail named the boy Tahmasp after Ali, the first [[Imamate in Twelver doctrine|Imam]], told him to do so in his dream.{{Sfn|Wood|2018|p=79}}

[[File:Shah_Tahmasp_holding_court,_attributable_to_Mu'in_Musavvir,_Safavid_Isfahan,_circa_1670_A.jpg|thumb|alt=A seated Tahmasp under a modest tent, with other people|
Tahmasp Mirza holds an audience, together with the grand ''[[sayyid|sayyed]]s'' and theologians, in the Bagh-Shahr in [[Balkh]], on his arrival as governor of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]. Album leaf attributable to [[Mo'en Mosavver]], from a copy of Bijan's ''Tarikh-i Jahangusha-yi Khaqan Sahibqiran'' (A History of Shah Ismail I), [[Isfahan]], {{circa|1670}}]]
In 1516, when Tahmasp Mirza was two years old, the province of Khorasan became his [[fief]] by Ismail's order.{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009a|p=58}} This appointment was specially done to emulate the [[Timurid dynasty]], that followed the [[Turco-Mongol tradition]] of appointing the eldest son of a sovereign to govern a prominent province like Khorasan. The centre of this major province, the city of Herat, would go on to be the city where Safavid crown princes were raised, trained, and educated throughout the sixteenth century.{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009a|p=59}} In 1517, Ismail appointed the [[Safavid Diyarbakr|Diyarbakr]] governor Amir Soltan Mawsillu as Tahmasp's {{transliteration|fa|[[Lala (title)|lala]]}} (tutor) and governor of [[Balkh]], a city in Khorasan.<ref>{{harvnb|Mitchell|2009b}}; {{harvnb|Newman|2008|pages=21}}.</ref> He replaced the [[Shamlu]] and [[Mawsillu]] governors of Khorasan, who did not join his army during the Battle of Chaldiran for fear of famine.{{Sfn|Newman|2008|p=21}} Placing Tahmasp in Herat was an attempt to reduce the growing influence of the Shamlu tribe, which dominated Safavid court politics and held a number of powerful governorships.{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009b}} Ismail also appointed Amir Ghiyath al-Din Mohammad, a prominent Herat figure, as Tahmasp's religious tutor.{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009b}}

A struggle for control of Herat emerged between the two tutors. Amir Soltan arrested Ghiyath al-Din and executed him the following day, but was ousted from his position in 1521 by a sudden raid by the Uzbeks who crossed the [[Amu Darya]] and seized portions of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Mitchell|2009b}}; {{harvnb|Newman|2008|pages=21}}.</ref> Ismail appointed [[Div Sultan Rumlu]] as Tahmasp's {{transliteration|fa|lala}}, and the governorship was given to his younger son, [[Sam Mirza Safavi]].{{Sfn|Mitchell|2009b}} During his years in Herat, Tahmasp developed a love for writing and painting. He became an accomplished painter and dedicated a work to his brother, [[Bahram Mirza Safavi|Bahram Mirza]]. The painting was a humorous composition of a gathering of Safavid courtiers, featuring music, singing, and wine-drinking.{{Sfn|Simpson|2021|p=471}}

In the spring of 1524, Ismail became ill on a hunting trip to [[Safavid Georgia|Georgia]] and recovered in Ardabil on his way back to the capital.{{Sfn|Roemer|2008|p=227}}  But he soon developed a high fever which led to his death on 23 May 1524 in [[Tabriz]].{{Sfn|Newman|2008|p=25}}