Editing Tandem repeat (section)

==Uses==
Tandem repeat describes a pattern that helps determine an individual's inherited traits.

Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining [[parentage]]. [[Short tandem repeat]]s are used for certain [[genealogical DNA test]]s. [[DNA]] is examined from ''[[Microsatellite (genetics)|microsatellite]]s'' within the chromosomal DNA.  Parentage can be determined through the similarity in these regions.

Polymorphic tandem repeats (alias VNTRs) are also present in microorganisms and can be used to trace the origin of an outbreak. The corresponding assay in which a collection of VNTRs is typed to characterize a strain is most often called [[MLVA]] (Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis). Using tandem repeat polymorphism, recombination has been reported in the natural transmission of [[monkeypox]] ([[mpox]]) virus genome during 2022 pandemic.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yeh |first1=Ting-Yu |last2=Hsieh |first2=Zih-Yu |last3=Feehley |first3=Michael C. |last4=Feehley |first4=Patrick J. |last5=Contreras |first5=Gregory P. |last6=Su |first6=Ying-Chieh |last7=Hsieh |first7=Shang-Lin |last8=Lewis |first8=Dylan A. |title=Recombination shapes the 2022 monkeypox (mpox) outbreak |journal=Med |date=9 December 2022 |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=824–826 |doi=10.1016/j.medj.2022.11.003 |pmid=36495863 |pmc=9733179 |language=en |issn=2666-6359}}</ref>

In the field of [[Computer Science|computer science]], tandem repeats in strings (e.g., DNA sequences) can be efficiently detected using [[suffix tree]]s or [[suffix array]]s.

Studies in 2004 linked the unusual genetic plasticity of [[dog]]s to mutations in tandem repeats.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pennisi E |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi |title=Genetics. A ruff theory of evolution: gene stutters drive dog shape |journal=Science |volume=306 |issue=5705 |pages=2172 | date=December 2004 |pmid=15618495 |doi=10.1126/science.306.5705.2172|s2cid=10680162 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Nested tandem repeats are described as repeating unit lengths that are variable or unknown and frequently include an asymmetric hierarchy of smaller repeating units. These repeats are constructed from distinct groups of homologous-length monomers. An algorithm known as NTRprism was created by Oxford Nanopore Technologies researchers to enable for the annotation of repetitive structures in built satellite DNA arrays. The algorithm NTRprism is developed to find and display the satellite repeating periodicity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Altemose |first1=Nicolas |last2=Logsdon |first2=Glennis A. |last3=Bzikadze |first3=Andrey V. |last4=Sidhwani |first4=Pragya |last5=Langley |first5=Sasha A. |last6=Caldas |first6=Gina V. |last7=Hoyt |first7=Savannah J. |last8=Uralsky |first8=Lev |last9=Ryabov |first9=Fedor D. |last10=Shew |first10=Colin J. |last11=Sauria |first11=Michael E. G. |last12=Borchers |first12=Matthew |last13=Gershman |first13=Ariel |last14=Mikheenko |first14=Alla |last15=Shepelev |first15=Valery A. |date=April 2022 |title=Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres |journal=Science |language=en |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=eabl4178 |doi=10.1126/science.abl4178 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=9233505 |pmid=35357911}}</ref>