Editing Tangled (section)

==Production==
===Origins and conception===
[[Walt Disney]] himself had first attempted to adapt the [[Brothers Grimm]] fairy tale ''[[Rapunzel]]'' into a feature-length animated film during the 1930s and 1940s,  but Disney's efforts never fully materialized because the original story was considered too "small".<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url = http://www.dvdizzy.com/tangled-directors-interview.html|title = Interview: Tangled Directors Nathan Greno & Byron Howard|date = March 28, 2011|access-date = March 27, 2025|website = DVDizzy.com|last = Bonanno|first = Luke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Miraudo |first=Simon |date=December 27, 2010 |title=Interview: Nathan Greno and Byron Howard; directors of Tangled. |url=http://blog.quickflix.com.au/2010/12/27/interview-nathan-greno-and-byron-howard-directors-of-tangled/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811035447/http://blog.quickflix.com.au/2010/12/27/interview-nathan-greno-and-byron-howard-directors-of-tangled/ |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=[[Quickflix]]}}</ref> The concept behind ''Tangled'' originated from [[The Walt Disney Company]] supervising animator [[Glen Keane]] in 1996.<ref name="christiantodaykeane">{{cite web|last=Paluso|first=Marianne|title=Once Upon a Time|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/marchweb-only/onceupon.html|work=[[Christian Today]]|access-date=June 23, 2013|date=March 29, 2011|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028122528/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/marchweb-only/onceupon.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2001, Keane [[Pitch (filmmaking)|pitched]] the idea to then-Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]] who approved it, but requested the film to be computer-animated. However, Keane was hesitant as he felt computer animation was not quite as fluid or organic as traditional animation was.<ref>{{cite web|last=Graham|first=Bill|url=https://collider.com/comic-con-tangled-panel-disney-byron-howard-nathan-greno-glen-keane/|title=SDCC 2010: Disney Animators Panel on TANGLED|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|date=July 23, 2010|access-date=November 22, 2018|archive-date=September 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930070910/https://collider.com/comic-con-tangled-panel-disney-byron-howard-nathan-greno-glen-keane/|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2003, the film was announced as ''Rapunzel Unbraided'' as a computer-animated feature scheduled for a 2007 release,<ref name=WSJComputerAge>{{cite news|last=Orwall|first=Bruce|title=Disney Decides It Must Draw Artists Into the Computer Age|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB106686389992986500|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=July 9, 2014|date=October 23, 2003|archive-date=December 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220131759/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB106686389992986500|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wloszczyna|first=Susan|title=A fairy-tale bending|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2003-09-16-fairytale_x.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 9, 2014|date=September 17, 2003|archive-date=March 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316230239/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2003-09-16-fairytale_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> which Keane described as "a ''[[Shrek]]''-like version of the film".<ref name="christiantodaykeane"/> According to [[Edwin Catmull|Ed Catmull]], Eisner himself had proposed using modern-day [[San Francisco]] as the initial setting of the film.<ref name=CreativityInc271>{{cite book|last=Catmull|first=Ed|author2=Amy Wallace|title=Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration|url=https://archive.org/details/creativityincove0000catm_u1u6|year=2014|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=978-0812993011|page=[https://archive.org/details/creativityincove0000catm_u1u6/page/270/mode/2up 271]|url-access=registration}}</ref> The story initially centered on two teenagers, Claire and Vince, who live in San Francisco and are transported into the fairy tale world, where they inhabit the bodies of Rapunzel and her prince Beau. Rapunzel and Beau themselves are turned into a squirrel and a dog. In July 2004, [[Reese Witherspoon]] and [[Kristin Chenoweth]] were in talks to portray roles, with the latter intended to voice Rapunzel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2004/07/14/Reese-Withersppon-in-Rapunzel/69321089843672/ |title=Reese Witherspoon in 'Rapunzel' |work=[[United Press International]] |date=July 14, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022}}</ref> In October 2005, [[Dan Fogler]] was slated to provide a voice.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fleming |first=Michael |url=https://variety.com/2005/legit/markets-festivals/balls-bounces-to-rogue-1117931229/ |title='Balls' bounces to Rogue |work=Variety |date=October 18, 2005 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818155902/https://variety.com/2005/legit/markets-festivals/balls-bounces-to-rogue-1117931229/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In reflection, Keane said of the original plot, "It was a fun, wonderful, witty version and we had a couple of great writers. But in my heart of hearts I believed there was something much more sincere and genuine to get out of the story, so we set it aside and went back to the roots of the original fairy tale."<ref name="beliefnetkeane">{{cite web|last=Minow|first=Nell|title=Interview: Glen Keane of 'Tangled'|url=http://blog.beliefnet.com/moviemom/2010/11/interview-glen-keane-of-tangle.html|website=[[Beliefnet]]|access-date=May 12, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110021537/http://blog.beliefnet.com/moviemom/2010/11/interview-glen-keane-of-tangle.html|archive-date=January 10, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In November 2005, ''Unbraided'' was pushed back to a summer 2009 release in order to give Keane "more time to work on the story."<ref>{{cite news|last=Marr|first=Merrisa|title=Debut of 'Chicken Little' Gives Disney Something to Crow Over|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113132234440389603|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=July 9, 2014|date=November 7, 2005|archive-date=December 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220152026/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113132234440389603|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2006, the film was then shut down about a week before Catmull and [[John Lasseter]] were placed in charge of the studio, and one of their first decisions was to restart the project and ask Keane to keep going with the film.<ref name=CreativityInc271/> It had originally been announced in April 2007 that [[Annie Award|Annie]]-nominated animator and story artist [[Dean Wellins]] would be co-directing the film alongside Keane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laughingplace.com/News-ID511390.asp|title=Rapunzel Gets Second Director|work=The Laughing Place|date=April 12, 2007|access-date=November 23, 2010|archive-date=January 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107092901/http://www.laughingplace.com/News-ID511390.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

On October 9, 2008, it was reported that Keane and Wellins had stepped down as directors due to other commitments, and were replaced by the team of [[Byron Howard]] and [[Nathan Greno]], director and storyboard director, respectively, of Disney's 2008 animated feature ''[[Bolt (2008 film)|Bolt]]''. Keane stayed on as an executive producer and animation supervisor, while Wellins moved on to direct ''[[Tick Tock Tale]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite news|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|title=Wellins Talks Tick Tock Tale|url=http://www.awn.com/articles/short-films/wellins-talks-tick-tock-tale|newspaper=Animation World Network|date=August 20, 2010|access-date=May 24, 2025}}</ref><ref name="KeaneOut">{{cite web|url=https://www.aintitcool.com/node/38686|title=Ain't It Cool News: Glen Keane leaving Disney's RAPUNZEL. Who's stepping up?|work=AintItCool.com|date=October 10, 2008|access-date=March 13, 2011|archive-date=December 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218030953/https://www.aintitcool.com/node/38686|url-status=live}}</ref> After the film's release, Keane revealed that he had "stepped back" from the role of director because of a heart attack in 2008.<ref name="ColliderKeaneInterview">{{cite web|last=Graham|first=Bill|title=Animation Director Glen Keane Exclusive Interview TANGLED|url=https://collider.com/glen-keane-interview-tangled/|publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|access-date=May 11, 2014|date=November 27, 2010|archive-date=December 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202021102/https://collider.com/glen-keane-interview-tangled/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Casting===
The directors auditioned hundreds of young actresses to find Rapunzel's voice,<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 27, 2011 |title=Interview: 'Tangled' Directors Talk About Creating Disney's 50th Animated Feature |url=http://www.geeksofdoom.com/2011/03/27/interview-tangled-directors-talk-about-creating-disneys-50th-animated-feature |access-date=August 1, 2013 |website=Geeks of Doom |publisher=}}</ref> among them were [[Idina Menzel]] and [[Kristen Bell]], but both were rejected for not sounding right.<ref name="Wenn">{{cite news |date=November 1, 2013 |title=Tangled – Secret Phone Recording Helped Idina Menzel Land New Disney Role |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/story/secret-phone-recording-helped-idina-menzel-land-new-disney-role_3932100 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102224750/http://www.contactmusic.com/story/secret-phone-recording-helped-idina-menzel-land-new-disney-role_3932100 |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |access-date=January 2, 2014 |newspaper=[[Contact Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunaway |first=Michael |date=December 12, 2013 |title=Kristen Bell: A Hollywood Princess |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/kristen-bell/kristen-bell-a-hollywood-princess |access-date=April 11, 2024 |work=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]}}</ref>

On September 10, 2009, it was announced that singer-songwriter and actress [[Mandy Moore]], who previously worked with Disney on [[Disneytoon Studios]]' ''[[Brother Bear 2]]'', had been cast as the voice of Rapunzel, and actor [[Zachary Levi]] would provide the voice of Flynn Rider.<ref name="slashsep10"/><ref name="fletchersep10"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Kelly|first=Kevin|title=Disney/Pixar's John Lasseter Talks 'Rapunzel' Casting, 'Toy Story 3' Plot, 'Cars 2', 'Winnie the Pooh' and More!|url=http://news.moviefone.com/2009/09/13/disney-pixars-john-lasseter-talks-rapunzel-casting-toy-story-3/|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=[[Moviefone]]|publisher=[[AOL Inc]]|date=September 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015047/http://news.moviefone.com/2009/09/13/disney-pixars-john-lasseter-talks-rapunzel-casting-toy-story-3/|archive-date=November 17, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> For the role of Flynn, the studio mandated exclusively only UK actors to audition for the part, as Rider was intended to be British. An American, Zachary Levi, impersonated a British [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP) accent to audition, leading the producers to opt for him to use his natural American accent.<ref name="TLLSwJC">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrNmXftckMg |title=Zachary Levi Faked Being British To Land Disney Role |date=December 7, 2021 |last=Corden |first=James |work=[[The Late Late Show with James Corden]] |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Mandy Moore approached the project through auditioning, when she heard that a film about the story of ''Rapunzel'' was being made.<ref name="huffpostoct19">{{cite news|title=Mandy Moore On Tangled: 'I Screamed As Soon As I Found Out' (INTERVIEW)|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/10/19/mandy-moore-on-tangled_n_1019215.html|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=[[The Huffington Post]] UK|publisher=HuffPost Entertainment|date=October 19, 2011|archive-date=December 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213012035/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/10/19/mandy-moore-on-tangled_n_1019215.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="canov2010">{{cite news|title=Mandy Moore Interview, TANGLED|url=http://www.moviesonline.ca/2010/11/mandy-moore-interview-tangled/|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=MoviesOnline|date=November 2010|archive-date=May 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531220755/http://www.moviesonline.ca/2010/11/mandy-moore-interview-tangled/|url-status=live}}</ref> Moore later expressed that she had dreamed to be a Disney princess since she was young and said that with the role of Rapunzel, she had fulfilled her "ultimate childhood dream".<ref name="kidzworld">{{cite news|title=Disney's Tangled: Mandy Moore Interview|url=http://www.kidzworld.com/article/25443-disneys-tangled-many-moore-interview|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=Kidzworld|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130045402/https://www.kidzworld.com/article/25443-disneys-tangled-many-moore-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> She described herself as a "girly fan" of Disney animated films<ref name="kidzworld"/> like ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'', ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' and ''[[The Lion King]]'', and that it was an honor for her to be part of this "legacy"—the lineage of such Disney icons.<ref name=collider>{{cite news|last=Graham|first=Bill|title=Mandy Moore Exclusive Interview TANGLED|url=https://collider.com/mandy-moore-interview-tangled/|access-date=July 9, 2014|publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|date=September 29, 2010|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021161607/https://collider.com/mandy-moore-interview-tangled/|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the film was going to be a [[Musical film|musical]], it was required that all auditionees had to read several scenes and perform a song of their choice, to ensure that the voice actors could both act and sing.<ref name="eonline">{{cite news|last=Malkin|first=Marc|title=Mandy Moore & Hubby: "We Work Well Together"|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/212920/mandy-moore-hubby-we-work-well-together|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=[[E! Online]]|publisher=[[E! Entertainment Television|E! Entertainment Television, LLC]]|date=November 26, 2010|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122164125/https://www.eonline.com/news/212920/mandy-moore-hubby-we-work-well-together|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="girl.com.au"/> For this singing section, Moore chose "[[Help Me (Joni Mitchell song)|Help Me]]" by [[Joni Mitchell]],<ref name="huffpostoct19"/> a song that she herself had covered on her fourth studio album, ''[[Coverage (album)|Coverage]]'' (2003).<ref name="coverageallmusic">{{cite web|title=Coverage|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/coverage-mw0000693728|work=Allmusic|publisher=Rovi Corp|access-date=March 17, 2013|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202084617/https://www.allmusic.com/album/coverage-mw0000693728|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moorecoveragebillboard">{{cite magazine|title=Mandy Moore Goes Under 'Covers'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/70024/mandy-moore-goes-under-covers|magazine=Billboard|publisher=Billboard|access-date=June 26, 2013|year=2003}}</ref> Moore revealed that she had to attend several audition sessions<ref name="collider"/><ref name="eonline"/> and described the experiences as "pretty fun" but didn't put much hope in getting the part because she believed there would be much competition for this role;<ref name="canov2010"/> she just performed her best without any anxiety.<ref name="huffpostoct19"/> When she received a callback from Disney telling that she got the part, Moore described herself as being "over the moon": "I was working in New York at the time. I was with some friends and my husband—and I screamed as soon as I found out the news."<ref name="huffpostoct19"/>

The film reportedly cost more than $260 million to produce.<ref name="LATimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-21-la-et-1121-tangled-20101121-story.html|title=Disney Animation is closing the book on fairy tales|first1=Dawn C.|last1=Chmielewski|first2=Claudia|last2=Eller|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 21, 2010|access-date=November 23, 2010|archive-date=February 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211161946/https://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/21/entertainment/la-et-1121-tangled-20101121|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Writing and character development===
When asked about the character of Rapunzel, Mandy Moore said that Rapunzel was a relatable character and called her a "Renaissance, bohemian" woman<ref name="huffpostoct19"/> rather than a typical Disney princess:<ref name="mtvaug27">{{cite news|last=Warner|first=Kara|title=Mandy Moore's 'Tangled' Heroine Not 'Typical Disney Princess'|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1646720/mandy-moores-tangled-heroine-not-typical-disney-princess/|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=[[MTV News]]|publisher=[[Viacom International Inc.]]|date=August 27, 2010|archive-date=November 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121060207/http://www.mtv.com/news/1646720/mandy-moores-tangled-heroine-not-typical-disney-princess/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moore said "[Rapunzel] doesn't know she's a princess [until the end of the film]. She's just really sort of motivated to find out what else is out there beyond this crazy tower she's lived in for 18 years," and that "she's very independent, she can take care of herself, and she's definitely come up with really entertaining ways to keep herself busy."<ref name="mtvaug27"/> Moore also stated that she herself had little influence on Rapunzel: "The character was developed way before I had anything to do with it."<ref name="huffpostoct19"/>

According to Greno, one of the most difficult problems during the development of the film's plot was how to get Rapunzel out of the tower without immediately ending the movie, in that she had thereby escaped Mother Gothel and did not have any other specific objectives to pursue.<ref name="Lark">{{cite journal|last1=Lark|first1=Max|last2=Draskovic|first2=Marina|last3=Solomon|first3=Charles|title=It's a Matter of Trust: At Walt Disney Animation Studios, The 'Story Trust,' A Peer-to-Peer Feedback System, Has Taken Storytelling—And Disney Animation—To New Creative Heights|journal=Disney Twenty-three|date=Spring 2016|volume=8|issue=1|pages=18–21|publisher=Walt Disney Company|location=Burbank|issn=2162-5492|oclc=698366817}}</ref> At a meeting one day, animator John Ripa floated an idea which turned out to be the solution they had been looking for: the mysterious floating lanterns.<ref name="Lark"/>

===Recording===
In ''Tangled'', as with most animated films, all voice actors had to record their dialogue separately from one another to avoid [[Spill (audio)|bleeding]] into each other's tracks.<ref name="movieweb">{{cite news|last=Philbrick|first=Jami|title=Exclusive: Mandy Moore Talks 'Tangled'|url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/exclusive-mandy-moore-talks-tangled|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=MovieWeb|date=November 19, 2010|archive-date=September 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054426/http://www.movieweb.com/news/exclusive-mandy-moore-talks-tangled|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mandy Moore later recalled that during recording, she had never met Donna Murphy and only met Zachary Levi once when they recorded "I See the Light".<ref name="movieweb"/> Moore thought that this was "a good exercise in employing your imagination".<ref name="about.com"/> When recording action scenes, the voice actors had to jog a little in place in order to make their voices sound realistic.<ref name="about.com">{{cite news|last=Murray|first=Rebecca|title=Exclusive Interview with Mandy Moore and Zachary Levi from 'Tangled'|url=http://movies.about.com/od/rapunzel/a/Mandy-Moore-Zachary-Levi-Tangled-Interview.htm|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=[[About.com]]|archive-date=June 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630182902/http://movies.about.com/od/rapunzel/a/Mandy-Moore-Zachary-Levi-Tangled-Interview.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the songs, Moore and Levi recorded on a soundstage with a 65-piece orchestra under the supervision of composer Alan Menken. They sang live with the orchestra for several times in order to help everyone "get a vibe" and a feel for the music and the singing, then were asked to go in isolation booths to record the actual tracks.<ref name="mouseclub">{{cite news|last=Wolf|first=Scott|title=Mandy Moore talks about her works as the voice Rapunzel in "Tangled"|url=http://www.mouseclubhouse.com/Interviews/mandy-moore/mandy-moore-tangled.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140711115247/http://www.mouseclubhouse.com/Interviews/mandy-moore/mandy-moore-tangled.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 11, 2014|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=Mouse Club House}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tangled star Mandy Moore: I'd like to think I look like Rapunzel |url=http://www.nowmagazine.co.uk/celebrity-news/531660/tangled-star-mandy-moore-i-d-like-to-think-i-look-like-rapunzel |access-date=July 9, 2014 |work=[[Now (UK magazine)|Now Magazine]] |publisher=IPC Media Fashion & Beauty Network |date=October 18, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054308/http://www.nowmagazine.co.uk/celebrity-news/531660/tangled-star-mandy-moore-i-d-like-to-think-i-look-like-rapunzel |archive-date=September 21, 2013 }}</ref> In order to aid animators in animating the characters, the filmmakers did interviews with the voice actors and filmed their facial expressions throughout the recording sessions.<ref name="about.com"/> Disney animated films are usually animated to synchronize with recorded dialogue rather than asking the vocal talent to synchronize their delivery to animation after it is rendered. Thus, Moore felt that the recording process was challenging because at that time she had no animation to look at except for a few sketches.<ref name="huffpostoct19"/>

Due to scheduling conflicts with other projects (Moore had to travel to different places such as London or New York, and Levi could only record on weekends for five hours once every six weeks), they did not record dialogue in the same order as in the final film. "[When I came in], maybe that sequence or scene had been recorded by Mandy (Moore) already, maybe it hadn't. We'd end up doing the same scene five times, depending," Levi said.<ref name="girl.com.au">{{cite news|last=Hunter|first=Brooke|title=Mandy Moore & Zachary Levi Tangled Interview|url=http://www.girl.com.au/mandy-moore-zachary-levi-tangled-interview.htm|access-date=July 9, 2014|work=Girl.com.au|archive-date=February 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212105541/http://www.girl.com.au/mandy-moore-zachary-levi-tangled-interview.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> After watching the finished film, Moore was disappointed because she felt that her voice sounded "shrill", while Levi thought that his performance sounded "incredibly nasally".<ref name="about.com"/>

===Animation===
[[File:Fragonard, The Swing.jpg|thumb|left|''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'' by [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]].]]
The film was made using [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI), although ''Tangled'' was modeled on the traditional look of oil paintings on canvas. The [[Rococo]] paintings of French artist [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]], particularly ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'', were used as references for the film's artistic style, a style described by Keane as "romantic and lush."<ref name=AWNDisneyLegacy3D>{{cite web|date=November 4, 2005|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|work=Animation World Network|access-date=July 5, 2006|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/chicken-little-beyond-disney-rediscovers-its-legacy-through-3d-animation|title=Chicken Little & Beyond: Disney Rediscovers its Legacy Through 3D Animation|archive-date=July 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707060106/http://www.awn.com/animationworld/chicken-little-beyond-disney-rediscovers-its-legacy-through-3d-animation|url-status=live}}</ref> To create the impression of a painting, [[non-photorealistic rendering]] was used.<ref name="CGMeetup">{{cite news|author=Jason|title=Tangled Concept Art and Character Art|url=http://www.cgmeetup.net/home/art/tangled-concept-art-and-character-art/|access-date=June 29, 2016|work=CGMeetup|date=April 28, 2013|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091639/http://www.cgmeetup.net/home/art/tangled-concept-art-and-character-art/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Rapunzel-Disney.jpg|thumb|A concept rendering of Rapunzel by Lisa Keene, demonstrating the "luscious golden hair" Keane wanted.]]
Glen Keane originally wanted the film to be animated using a traditional 2D animation process. However, Disney executives David Stainton and Dick Cook announced that they would only approve the film for production if it were created using the 3D computer graphics.<ref name="Senseofcinema">{{cite news|last=Carter|first=Chris|title=An Analysis of the Character Animation in Disney's Tangled|url=http://sensesofcinema.com/2013/feature-articles/an-analysis-of-the-character-animation-in-disneys-tangled/|access-date=June 29, 2016|work=Sense of Cinema|date=July 2013|archive-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630001627/http://sensesofcinema.com/2013/feature-articles/an-analysis-of-the-character-animation-in-disneys-tangled/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to that demand, Glen Keane held a seminar called "''The Best of Both Worlds''", where he, with 50 Disney CGI artists and traditional artists, focused on the pros and cons of each style.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holson|first=Laura M.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/18/business/media/18disney.html?ex=1284696000&en=99e7d48446aee76d|title=Disney Moves Away From Hand-Drawn Animation|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 18, 2005|access-date=July 5, 2006}}</ref> After the meeting, it was decided that the film would be made in 3D CGI animation, but in a way as to become an extension of the traditional 2D Disney "aesthetic", a term which referred to the naturalistic animation that conforms to the fundamental principles of animation as documented by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in the book ''The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation''.<ref name="Senseofcinema"/>

Due to limitations in computer technology, especially regarding attempts to capture the complexity of a human form, many basic principles of animation used in traditionally animated movies had been absent from earlier CGI films; but technological advancements made it easier to blend the two, combining the strengths of each style.<ref name="CGMeetup"/> Keane stated repeatedly he was trying to make the computer "bend its knee to the artist" instead of having the computer dictate the artistic style and look of the film.<ref name=WSJComputerAge/> By making the computer become as "pliable as the pencil", Keane's vision of a "three-dimensional drawing" seemed within reach, with the artist controlling the technology. Many of the techniques and tools that were required to give the film the quality Keane demanded did not exist when the project was started, and Walt Disney Animation Studios had to create them on their own.<ref name=AWNDisneyLegacy3D/> Keane said, "There’s no photoreal hair. I want luscious hair, and we are inventing new ways of doing that. I want to bring the warmth and intuitive feel of hand-drawn to CGI."<ref name=AWNDisneyPastPresent>{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Desowitz|url=http://www.awn.com/news/events/little-mermaid-team-discusses-disney-past-and-present|title='Little Mermaid' Team Discusses Disney Past and Present|work=Animation World Network|date=September 18, 2006|access-date=January 21, 2011|archive-date=August 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821075332/http://www.awn.com/news/events/little-mermaid-team-discusses-disney-past-and-present|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the main goals of the animators was to create movement that mimicked the soft fluidity of the hand-drawn art found in older Disney animated films. Keane credited Disney 3D animator Kyle Strawitz with helping to combine CGI with the traditional hand-drawn style.<ref name="CGMeetup"/> "He took the house from ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White]]'' and built it and painted it so it looked like a flat painting that suddenly started to move, and it had dimension and kept all of the soft, round curves of the brushstrokes of watercolor. Kyle helped us get that [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]] look of that girl on the swing… We are using [[subsurface scattering]] and global illumination and all of the latest techniques to pull off convincing human characters and rich environments."<ref name=AWNDisneyLegacy3D/>

Rather than focusing on realism, the 3D team used an aesthetic approach.<ref name="CGMeetup"/> Robert Newman, the film's stereoscopic supervisor said that "We’re using depth more artistically than ever before, and we’re not as concerned with the literal transcription of depth between camera and projector as we are the interpretation of it." To do this, they used a new technique called multi-rigging, which is made up of multiple pairs of [[Virtual camera system|virtual cameras]]. Each pair is used individually on each separate element that adds depth to a scene, like background, foreground, and characters, without adjusting for the relation with the other pairs. When sandwiched together later in production, the result was something that would be visually impossible in the real world, but which created an appealing look to the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/node/300278/get-tangled-hairrai|title=Get 'Tangled' up in hair-raising 3D!|work=The Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online|date=January 24, 2011|access-date=June 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130050835/http://www.mb.com.ph/node/300278/get-tangled-hairrai|archive-date=January 30, 2011}}</ref>

As a counterpart to the appealing and cute design of Rapunzel,<ref name=GirlHowardGrenoInterview>{{cite web|title=Byron Howard & Nathan Greno Tangled Interview|url=http://www.girl.com.au/byron-howard-and-nathan-greno-tangled-blu-ray-interview.htm|publisher=Girl.com.au|access-date=November 1, 2015|date=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517021233/http://www.girl.com.au/byron-howard-and-nathan-greno-tangled-blu-ray-interview.htm|archive-date=May 17, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> the directors wanted to make Flynn Rider "the most handsome, most attractive male lead Disney has ever had."<ref name=SRDisneyHunk>{{cite web|last=Cornet |first=Roth |title=Zach Levi on Being a Disney Hunk in 'Tangled', A Singer, A Superhero & 'Chuck |url=https://screenrant.com/disney-tangled-zach-levi-interview-chuck-rothc-88315/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |access-date=November 1, 2015 |date=November 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209125333/http://screenrant.com/disney-tangled-zach-levi-interview-chuck-rothc-88315/ |archive-date=December 9, 2014 }}</ref> They held a large "Hot Man Meeting" where they gathered about 30 women from the studio and asked them what they considered attractive in a man.<ref name=TelegraphTangledDirectors>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Marc|title=Tangled directors on the latest Disney animation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmmakersonfilm/8287107/Tangled-directors-on-the-latest-Disney-animation.html|access-date=November 1, 2015|work=The Telegraph|date=January 27, 2011|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413153154/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmmakersonfilm/8287107/Tangled-directors-on-the-latest-Disney-animation.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They brought in hundreds of images of their favourite male actors and celebrities, which were torn and pasted back again.<ref name=TelegraphTangledDirectors/><ref name=Disney11Things>{{cite web|title=11 Things You Didn't Know About Tangled|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2014/12/26/11-things-you-didnt-know-about-tangled/|publisher=Disney|access-date=November 1, 2015|date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=December 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173410/http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2014/12/26/11-things-you-didnt-know-about-tangled/|url-status=live}}</ref> After much deliberation, his look was eventually narrowed down to one concept drawing.<ref name=SRDisneyHunk/><ref name=TelegraphTangledDirectors/>

====Technology development====
Existing technology continued to present difficulties: in particular, animating hair turned out to be a challenge. Senior software engineer Kelly Ward spent six years writing programs to make it move the way they wanted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dapsmagic.com/geekscorner/geek-links/daps-magic-interviews/roundtable-interview-with-glen-keane-march-17-2011/|title=Roundtable Interview with Glen Keane|date=March 17, 2011|publisher=DAPs|access-date=April 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921063943/http://www.dapsmagic.com/geekscorner/geek-links/daps-magic-interviews/roundtable-interview-with-glen-keane-march-17-2011/|archive-date=September 21, 2012}}</ref> As late as January 2010, the directors were still not sure if the Rapunzel character's length of hair was going to work. These problems were finally solved in March:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/entertainment/movies/article_730035f2-121d-54a4-bd18-ab1ec0b684c0.html|title='Tangled' directors unravel film's secrets|date=December 5, 2010|work=SiouxCityJournal.com|access-date=December 8, 2010|archive-date=December 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210072616/http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/entertainment/movies/article_730035f2-121d-54a4-bd18-ab1ec0b684c0.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An improved version of a hair simulation program named Dynamic Wires, originally developed for ''Bolt'', was eventually used. To make hair float believably in water, and to surmount other similar challenges, [[discrete differential geometry]] was used to produce the desired effects, freeing the animators from executing these specific tasks directly, which would have taken days instead of minutes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/30/movies/30animate.html|title=Perfecting Animation, via Science|date=December 29, 2010|newspaper=NYTimes.com|author=Patricia Cohen|access-date=December 12, 2012|archive-date=May 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510190238/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/30/movies/30animate.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Controversy over the film title change ====
[[File:RapunzelLogo.jpg|thumb|Official logo of ''Rapunzel'' before the title was changed to ''Tangled'']]
When first put into production, the film was promoted as having the title ''Rapunzel Unbraided'', which was later changed to ''Rapunzel''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hill |first=Jim |date=August 8, 2005 |title="Rapunzel Unbraided" aims to be " ... a film of astonishing beauty." |url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2005/08/09/656.aspx |access-date=October 6, 2010 |work=Jim Hill Media |archive-date=November 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126035544/http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2005/08/09/656.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Disney's previous animated feature, ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009)—while being well received by various critics<ref>{{cite web |title=The Princess and the Frog |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-princess-and-the-frog/critic-reviews |access-date=February 5, 2012 |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815115523/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-princess-and-the-frog/critic-reviews |url-status=live }}</ref> <!--Comment: While the cited Metacritic listing of what 29 critics said about this feature gives the film a critics' score of 73, the critics' views are not "highly critically acclaimed"--> --was not as successful as Disney had hoped, and Catmull later admitted in writing that Disney Animation's faith that ''The Princess and the Frog''{{'}}s excellent quality would bring in all audiences notwithstanding the word "princess" in the title was their version of "a stupid pill".<ref>{{cite book |last=Catmull |first=Ed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqccAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT274 |title=Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration |author2=Amy Wallace |publisher=Random House |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-81-299301-1 |location=New York |page=268}}</ref> In order to market the new film to both sexes and additional age groups, Disney changed the title from ''Rapunzel'' to ''Tangled'' while also emphasizing Flynn Rider, the film's prominent male character, showing that his story is just as important as that of Rapunzel.<ref name="LATimes2">{{cite news |last1=Chmielewski |first1=Dawn C. |last2=Eller |first2=Claudia |date=March 9, 2010 |title=Disney restyles 'Rapunzel' to appeal to boys |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-09-la-fi-ct-disney9-2010mar09-story.html |access-date=March 12, 2010 |archive-date=February 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225201504/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/09/business/la-fi-ct-disney9-2010mar09 |url-status=live }}</ref> Disney was criticized for altering the title as a [[marketing strategy]]. [[Floyd Norman]], a former Disney and [[Pixar]] animator and story artist, said, "The idea of changing the title of a classic like ''Rapunzel'' to ''Tangled'' is beyond stupid. I'm convinced they'll gain nothing from this except the public seeing Disney as desperately trying to find an audience."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chmielewski |first1=Dawn C. |last2=Eller |first2=Claudia |date=March 9, 2010 |title=Disney wrings the pink out of 'Rapunzel' |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/03/10/disneys-rapunzel-gets-a-makeover |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013043046/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/03/10/disneys-rapunzel-gets-a-makeover/ |archive-date=October 13, 2010}}</ref>

Justin Chang of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' compared it to changing the title of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' to ''Beached''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Justin |date=November 7, 2010 |title='Tangled' Review |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/tangled-1117943999/ |access-date=March 23, 2011 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927031045/http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/tangled-1117943999/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Writing for the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''{{'}}s blog, Margot Magowan accused Disney of sexism, writing:<ref name="Magowan">{{cite web|last=Magowan|first=Margot|url=http://blog.sfgate.com/mmagowan/2010/11/22/disneys-male-execs-stop-movies-starring-girls|title=Disney's male execs stop movies starring girls|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=November 22, 2010|access-date=June 13, 2012|archive-date=December 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208141124/http://blog.sfgate.com/mmagowan/2010/11/22/disneys-male-execs-stop-movies-starring-girls/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Can you imagine if Disney…switched a movie title so it wouldn't risk highlighting a male star? It's awful that this kind of radical gender discrimination exists for our smallest people—little kids who come into this world with huge imaginations and aspirations, big dreams that get squashed by a bunch of billionaire guys who run massive entertainment franchises.}}
On November 24, 2010, the day of the film's release, directors Nathan Greno and [[Byron Howard]] disputed reports that the title change was a marketing decision. They said they changed the title from ''Rapunzel'' to ''Tangled'' because Rapunzel is not the only main character in the film. They went on to say that "you cannot call ''[[Toy Story]]'' "''[[Buzz Lightyear]]''," and they really needed a title that represented what the film is, and that it stars the duo of Rapunzel and Flynn Rider.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=How did Rapunzel become 'Tangled'? Directors Nathan Greno and Byron Howard set the record straight |url=https://ew.com/article/2010/11/24/tangled-rapunzel-nathan-greno-byron-howard/ |access-date=October 15, 2021 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref>

In March 2014, executive producer [[John Lasseter]] explained that Disney had changed the name to improve the film's appeal [[Four-quadrant movie|to the four quadrants]]: "There was an audience perception that these movies were just for little girls but when boys, men, whatever actually see these movies they like them. So on ''Rapunzel'' … we changed the name and we called it ''Tangled''. We did marketing that made the people who would not normally show up say, 'Hey, this looks pretty good.'"<ref name="ChristopherWilliams">{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Christopher |date=March 31, 2014 |title='The world is a better place with Disney animation in it': John Lasseter tells the Telegraph how he saved Disney Animation Studios from the doldrums |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/10733005/The-world-is-a-better-place-with-Disney-animation-in-it.html |access-date=April 23, 2014 |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/10733005/The-world-is-a-better-place-with-Disney-animation-in-it.html |url-status=live }}</ref>