Editing Telecommunications in Egypt (section)

== Telecommunication in Egypt ==
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=== Radio ===
:''See also [[Egyptian Radio and Television Union]] & [[List of radio stations in Egypt]]''
The first radio service in Egypt began in 1925.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Yushi Chiba |title=Media History of Modern Egypt: A Critical Review |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2433/155745|journal=Kyoto Working Papers on Area Studies: G-COE Series|page=6|year=2010|volume=84 |hdl=2433/155745}}</ref> It is almost all government controlled, using 44 short-wave frequencies, 18 medium-wave stations, and four<!-- HIDDEN MESSAGE: In Cairo alone, there are 10 radio stations on FM alone, in addition to, Nile FM & Nogoum FM, making them 12. It varies from governorate to other. There are some governorates that don't have that number of FM & MW station on-air. In Cairo, about half of the medium-wave radios are broadcasted on FM & they would not exceed 12 station in Cairo alone :HIDDEN MESSAGE--><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Restoration of Internet in Egypt. |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/02/egypt-internet-returns/ |website=[[Wired Inc. ]]}}</ref> FM stations. There are seven regional radio stations covering the country. Egyptian Radio transmits 60 hours daily overseas in 33 languages and three hundred hours daily within Egypt. In 2000, Radio Cairo introduced new specialized (thematic) channels on its FM station. So far, they include news, music, and sports. Radio enjoys more freedom than TV in its news programs, talk shows and analysis. 

Starting 2003, [[Nile Radio Productions]], a private company, was given license to operate two radio stations; [[Nile FM]] and [[Nogoum FM]]. Nile FM broadcasts in [[English language|English]] and Nogoom FM broadcasts in [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Egypt|url=https://medialandscapes.org/country/egypt/media/radio|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Media Landscapes|language=en}}</ref> Both stations mostly broadcast mainly to the [[Greater Cairo]] region. In the early 2009, [[Radio Masr]] was launched, broadcasting popular Egyptian songs, news & other programs.

=== Television ===
:''See also [[Television in Egypt]]''
Egyptian ground-broadcast television (ERTU) is government controlled and depends heavily on commercial revenue. ETV sells its specially produced programs and soap operas to the entire Arab world. ETV has two main channels, six regional channels, and three satellite channels. Of the two main channels, Channel I uses mainly Arabic, while Channel II is dedicated to foreigners and more cultured viewers, broadcasting news in English and French as well as Arabic.

Egyptian Satellite channels broadcast to the Middle East, Europe, and the U.S. East Coast. In April 1998, Egypt launched its own satellite known as NileSat 101. Seven specialized channels cover news, culture, sports, education, entertainment, health, and drama. A second, digital satellite, Nilesat 102, was launched in August 2000. Many of its channels are rented to other stations.

Three new private satellite-based TV stations were launched in November 2001, marking a great change in Egyptian government policy. Dream TV 1 and 2 produce cultural programming, broadcast contemporary video clips and films featuring Arab and international actors, as well as soap operas; another private station focuses on business and general news. Both private channels transmit on NileSat.

In addition to Egyptian programming, the Middle East Broadcast Company, a Saudi television station transmitting from London (MBC), Arab Radio and Television (ART), Al-Jazeera television, and other Gulf stations as well as Western networks such as CNN and BBC, provide access to more international programs to Egyptians who own satellite receivers.

=== Landline telephony ===
:''See also [[Telephone numbers in Egypt]]''

Currently, there is a single company in charge of landline telephony, [[Telecom Egypt]] which is also government-controlled.

=== Cellular communications ===
:''See also [[Telephone numbers in Egypt]]''

Currently, there are four companies which offer cellular communication service: [[Orange Egypt|Orange]], [[Vodafone Egypt|Vodafone]], [[Etisalat Egypt|Etisalat]], and We (by [[Telecom Egypt]]). These companies also provide services surpassing voice communication, such as [[4G]], [[3G]], and mobile internet.

=== Internet ===
{{main|Internet in Egypt}}
The Internet companies market is dealt to two: infrastructure providers and service providers.
List following goes in most used.
* [[Telecom Egypt|WE / Telecom Egypt]]
* [[Orange Egypt|Orange DSL]]
* [[Vodafone Egypt]]
* [[E& Egypt|E& Egypt (Etisalat Egypt)]]

There are 8 major service provider which sell their services to smaller ISPs. The highest available speed through ADSL technologies was upgraded to 8&nbsp;Mb in download in February 2008 and then to 24&nbsp;Mb later that year.
The Egyptian ISP market is not competitive, at least in Cairo and Alexandria, with only 3 ISPs offering below-average speeds(Up to 16&nbsp;Mbit/s).

Orascom, one of the shareholders in the leading cellular operator MobiNil, is also the biggest player in the Internet service provision market and owns 75 per cent of one of Egypt's largest ISP, LINKdotNET. The tie-up with the mobile operator is significant in that WAP services were introduced in May for a trial period, making Egypt one of the first countries in Africa to have introduced WAP.

NileOnline and Egynet has been recently sold to Etisalat, increasing Etisalat access into the broadband market. with this acquisition all class I tier ISPs mentioned above are owned by the major telecommunication companies operating in the country.

Raya is owned by Vodafone Egypt, Nileonline and Egynet are now owned by Etisalat, TEdata is owned and operated by the oldest telecom company in the region telecom Egypt and link.net is owned by Orascom telecom.