Editing Temple of Set (section)

===Foundation===
[[File:LTC Michael Aquino.jpg|thumb|Michael Angelo Aquino]]
Born in 1946, [[Michael Angelo Aquino]] was a military intelligence officer specializing in [[psychological warfare]].{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=290}} In 1969 he joined [[Anton LaVey]]'s [[Church of Satan]] and rose rapidly through the group's ranks.{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=2003|1p=290|2a1=Drury|2y=2003|2p=194|3a1=Petersen|3y=2004|3p=435|4a1=Baddeley|4y=2010|4p=102|5a1=Granholm|5y=2013|5p=217}} In 1970, while he was serving with the U.S. military during the [[Vietnam War]], Aquino was stationed in [[Bến Cát District|Bến Cát]] in [[South Vietnam]] when he wrote a tract titled "Diabolicon" in which he reflected upon his growing divergence from the Church of Satan's doctrines.{{sfnm|1a1=Schipper|1y=2010|1p=112|2a1=Introvigne|2y=2016|2p=317}} In this tract, teachings about the creation of the world, God, and humanity are presented, as is the dualistic idea that Satan complements God.{{sfn|Schipper|2010|pp=112–113}} The character of [[Lucifer]] is presented as bringing insight to human society,{{sfn|Schipper|2010|pp=113–114}} a depiction of Lucifer that was inherited from [[John Milton]]'s seventeenth-century [[epic poem]] ''[[Paradise Lost]]''.{{sfn|Schipper|2010|p=114}} By 1971, Aquino was ranked as a Magister Caverns of the IV° within the Church's hierarchy, was editor of its publication ''The Cloven Hoof'', and sat on its governing Council of Nine.{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=290}} In 1973, he rose to the previously unattained rank of Magister Templi of IV°.{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=290}} According to Satanism scholars Per Faxneld and Jesper Petersen, Aquino had effectively become LaVey's "right-hand man".{{sfn|Faxneld|Petersen|2013|p=7}}

Nonetheless there were things that Aquino disliked about the Church of Satan; he thought that it had attracted many "fad-followers, egomaniacs, and assorted oddballs, whose primary interest in becoming Satanists was to flash their membership cards for cocktail-party notoriety".{{sfn|Drury|2003|p=193}} In 1975, when LaVey abolished the system of regional groups, or ''grottos'', and declared that in the future all degrees would be given in exchange for financial or other contributions to the Church, Aquino became increasingly disaffected; he resigned from the organization on June 10, 1975.{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=2003|1p=290|2a1=Drury|2y=2003|2pp=193–194|3a1=Baddeley|3y=2010|3p=102|4a1=Granholm|4y=2013|4p=217}} While LaVey seems to have held a pragmatic and practical view of the degrees and of the Satanic priesthood, intending them to reflect the social role of the degree holder within the organization, Aquino and his supporters viewed the priesthood as being spiritual, sacred and irrevocable.{{sfn|Dyrendal|Lewis|Petersen|2016|p=69}} Dyrendal, Lewis, and Petersen describe Aquino as, in effect, accusing LaVey of the [[sacrilege]] of [[simony]].{{sfn|Dyrendal|Lewis|Petersen|2016|p=69}} 

Aquino then provided what has been described as a "foundation myth" for his Setian religion.{{sfn|Schipper|2010|p=109}} Having departed the Church, he embarked on a ritual intent on asking Satan for advice on what to do next.{{sfnm|1a1=Drury|1y=2003|1p=194|2a1=Baddeley|2y=2010|2p=103|3a1=Dyrendal|3y=2012|3p=380|4a1=Granholm|4y=2013|4pp=217–218}} According to his account, at Midsummer 1975, Satan appeared and revealed that he wanted to be known by his true name, [[Set (deity)|Set]], which had been the name used by his worshippers in ancient Egypt.{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=2003|1p=290|2a1=Drury|2y=2003|2p=194|3a1=Schipper|3y=2010|3p=109}} Aquino produced a religious text, ''The Book of Coming Forth by Night'', which he alleged had been revealed to him by Set through a process of [[automatic writing]].{{sfnm|1a1=Medway|1y=2001|1p=22|2a1=Gardell|2y=2003|2p=290|3a1=Drury|3y=2003|3p=194|4a1=Baddeley|4y=2010|4p=103}} According to Aquino, "there was nothing overtly sensational, supernatural, or melodramatic about ''The Book of Coming Forth By Night'' working. I simply sat down and wrote it."{{sfn|Dyrendal|2012|p=381}} The book proclaimed Aquino to be the Magus of the new Aeon of Set and the heir to LaVey's "infernal mandate".{{sfn|Dyrendal|2012|p=380}} Aquino later stated that the revelation that Satan was Set necessitated his own exploration of [[Egyptology]], a subject about which he had previously known comparatively little.{{sfn|Drury|2003|pp=195–196}} 

{{Quote box
|width     = 30em
|border    = 1px
|align     = left
|fontsize  = 85%
|title_bg  = 
|title_fnt = 
|title     = 
|quote     = "The meeting with the Prince of Darkness marked a point of departure between LaVey and Aquino. LaVey was basically a materialist to whom Satan was a personification of the forces of nature. Aquino is an idealist, basing his theology on Plato and the Gnostic/Hermetic tradition."
|salign    = right
|source    = Historian of religion [[Mattias Gardell]].{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=290}}
}}

Aquino's ''Book of Coming Forth by Night'' makes reference to ''[[The Book of the Law]]'', a similarly revealed text produced by the occultist [[Aleister Crowley]] in 1904 which provided the basis for Crowley's religion of [[Thelema]]. In Aquino's book, ''The Book of the Law'' was presented as a genuine spiritual text given to Crowley by preternatural sources, but it was also declared that Crowley had misunderstood both its origin and message.{{sfnm|1a1=Dyrendal|1y=2012|1p=381|2a1=Petersen|2y=2012|2p=99}} In making reference to ''The Book of the Law'', Aquino presented himself as being as much Crowley's heir as LaVey's,{{sfnm|1a1=Dyrendal|1y=2012|1p=380|2a1=Petersen|2y=2012|2p=99}} and Aquino's work would engage with Crowley's writings and beliefs to a far greater extent than LaVey ever did.{{sfn|Dyrendal|2012|p=379}}

In establishing the Temple, Aquino was joined by other ex-members of LaVey's Church,{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=290}} and soon Setian groups, or ''pylons'', were established in various parts of the United States.{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=290}} The structure of the Temple was based largely on those of the [[ceremonial magic]]al orders of the late nineteenth century, such as the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn]] and [[Ordo Templi Orientis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Petersen|1y=2004|1p=435|2a1=Baddeley|2y=2010|2p=103}}
Aquino has stated that he believed LaVey not to be merely a charismatic leader but to have been actually appointed by Satan himself (referring to this [[charismatic authority]] as the "Infernal Mandate") to found the Church.{{sfn|Asprem|2012|p=118}} After the split of 1975, Aquino believed LaVey had lost the mandate, which the "Prince of Darkness" then transferred to Aquino and a new organization, the Temple of Set.{{sfn|Asprem|2012|p=118}} According to both the historian of religion [[Mattias Gardell]] and journalist [[Gavin Baddeley]], Aquino displayed an "obsession" with LaVey after his departure from the Church, for instance by publicly releasing court documents that reflected negatively on his former mentor, among them restraining orders, divorce proceedings, and a bankruptcy filing.{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=2003|1p=390|2a1=Baddeley|2y=2010|2p=103}} In turn, LaVey lampooned the new Temple as "[[Laurel and Hardy]]'s ''[[Sons of the Desert]]''".{{sfn|Baddeley|2010|p=103}} In 1975, the Temple incorporated as a non-profit Church in California, and later that year secured state and federal recognition and tax-exempted status.{{sfn|Harvey|1995|p=285}}