Editing Titans (section)

===Variations===
[[File:Rhea MKL1888.png|thumb|150px|[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]], both sister and wife to [[Cronus]].]]
Passages in a section of the  ''[[Iliad]]'' called the [[Deception of Zeus]] suggest the possibility that [[Homer]] knew of a tradition in which Oceanus and Tethys (rather than Uranus and Gaia, as in Hesiod) were the parents of the Titans.<ref>Fowler 2013, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 8], [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 11]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA36 pp. 36–37], [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA40 p. 40]; West 1997, p. 147; Gantz, p. 11; Burkert 1995, [https://books.google.com/books?id=cIiUL7dWqNIC&pg=PA91 pp. 91–92]; West 1983, pp. 119&ndash;120. According to [[Epimenides]] (see Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 pp. 7&ndash;8]), the first two beings, [[Nyx|Night]] and Aer, produced [[Tartarus]], who in turn produced two Titans (possibly Oceanus and Tethys) from whom came the [[world egg]].</ref> Twice Homer has [[Hera]] describe the pair as "Oceanus, from whom the gods are sprung, and mother Tethys", while in the same passage [[Hypnos]] describes Oceanus as "from whom they all are sprung".<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:14.193-14.241 14.201], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D14%3Acard%3D270 302] [= 201], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:14.242-14.269 245]. According to West 1997, p. 147, these lines suggests a myth in which Oceanus and Tethys are the "first parents of the whole race of gods." And, although Gantz, p. 11, points out that, "mother" may simply refer to the fact that Tethys was Hera's foster mother for a time, as Hera tells us in the lines immediately following, while the reference to Oceanus as "the ''genesis'' of gods" might be a "formulaic epithet" referring to the innumerable rivers and springs who were the sons of Oceanus (compare with ''Iliad'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D21%3Acard%3D161 21.195–197]), Hypnos' description of Oceanus as "''genesis'' for all" is hard to understand as meaning other than that, for Homer, Oceanus was the father of the Titans.</ref>

[[Plato]], in his ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'', provides a genealogy (probably Orphic) which perhaps reflected an attempt to reconcile this apparent divergence between Homer and Hesiod, with Uranus and Gaia as the parents of Oceanus and Tethys, and Oceanus and Tethys as the parents of Cronus and Rhea "and all that go with them", plus [[Phorcys]].<ref>Gantz, pp. 11–12, 743; West 1983, pp. 117&ndash;118;  Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 p. 11]; [[Plato]], ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=4DAC0911EDDE8F410A4FED46380ED2C0?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0180%3Atext%3DTim.%3Asection%3D40d 40d–e].</ref> In his  ''[[Cratylus (dialogue)|Cratylus]]'', Plato quotes Orpheus as saying that Oceanus and Tethys were "the first to marry", possibly also reflecting an Orphic theogony in which Oceanus and Tethys, rather than Uranus and Gaia, were the primeval parents.<ref>West 1983, pp. 118&ndash;120; Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 p. 11]; [[Plato]], ''[[Cratylus (dialogue)|Cratylus]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-eng1:402b 402b] [= Orphic [https://archive.org/stream/orphicorumfragme00orphuoft#page/86/mode/2up fr. 15 Kern]].</ref> To Hesiod's twelve Titans, the mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], adds a thirteenth Titan, [[Dione (Titaness)|Dione]], the mother of [[Aphrodite]] by Zeus.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.1.3 1.1.3], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.3 1.3.1]. Dione is also the mother of Aphrodite by Zeus in the ''Iliad'', [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.363-5.415 5.370], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.340-3.380 3.374]; but in the ''Theogony'', [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:173-206 191&ndash;200], Aphrodite was born from the foam which formed around Uranus' severed genitals when Cronus threw them into the sea.</ref>  Plato's inclusion of Phorkys, apparently, as a Titan, and the mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]]'s inclusion of [[Dione (Titaness)|Dione]], suggests an Orphic tradition in which the canonical twelve Titans consisted of Hesiod's twelve with Phorkys and Dione taking the place of Oceanus and Tethys.<ref>Gantz, p. 743.</ref>

The Roman mythographer [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], in his somewhat confused genealogy,<ref>Bremmer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YTfxZH4QnqgC&pg=PA5 p. 5], calls Hyginus' genealogy "a strange hodgepodge of Greek and Roman cosmogonies and early genealogies".</ref> after listing as offspring of [[Aether (mythology)|Aether]] (Upper Sky) and Earth (Gaia), Ocean [Oceanus], Themis, Tartarus, and Pontus, next lists "the Titans", followed by two of Hesiod's [[Hundred-Handers]]: Briareus and Gyges, one of Hesiod's three [[Cyclopes]]: Steropes, then continues his list with Atlas, Hyperion and Polus, [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]] [Cronus], [[Ops]] [Rhea], [[Moneta]], Dione, and the three [[Furies]]: [[Alecto]], [[Megaera]], and [[Tisiphone]].<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]''
''Theogony'' 3.</ref> The geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], mentions seeing the image of a man in armor, who was supposed to be the Titan [[Anytos]], who was said to have raised the [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]]n [[Despoina]].<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.37.5 8.37.5].</ref>