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Topiary
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===Far Eastern topiary=== [[File:Korea-Geoje-Oedo 4098-06.JPG|thumb|Cloud-pruning only distantly related to natural forms in Hallyeo Haesang National Park, [[Geoje]], South Korea]] The clipping and shaping of shrubs and trees in [[China]] and [[Japan]] have been practised with equal rigor, but for different reasons. The goal is to achieve an artful expression of the "natural" form of venerably aged pines, given character by the forces of wind and weather. Their most concentrated expressions are in the related arts of Chinese [[penjing]] and Japanese [[bonsai]].{{cn|date=September 2024}} Japanese [[cloud tree|cloud-pruning]] is closest to the European art: the cloud-like forms of clipped growth are designed to be best appreciated after a fall of snow. [[Japanese rock garden|Japanese Zen gardens]] (''karesansui'', dry rock gardens) make extensive use of ''Karikomi'' (a topiary technique of clipping shrubs and trees into large curved shapes or sculptures) and ''Hako-zukuri'' (shrubs clipped into boxes and straight lines). [[File:Hortus Palatinus und Heidelberger Schloss von Jacques Fouquiere.jpg|thumb|Simple upright topiary shapes punctuate the patterned parterres of Heidelberg c. 1590, in this view by [[Jacques Fouquiere]]]]
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