Editing Tower block (section)

===Streets in the sky===
{{Redirect|Streets in the sky|the third studio album by UK rock band The Enemy|Streets in the Sky}}
[[File:Park Hill deck.JPG|thumb|right|"Street in the sky" at Park Hill]]
Streets in the sky is a style of [[architecture]] that emerged in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name= SIS>{{cite web|title=Intersection Fields III: Michiel Brinkman vs. Peter and Alison Smithson| date = 3 May 2016 | url=http://www.hiddenarchitecture.net/2016/05/intersection-fields-iii-michiel.html|website=www.hiddenarchitecture.net|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033445/http://www.hiddenarchitecture.net/2016/05/intersection-fields-iii-michiel.html | archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> Generally built to replace run-down [[terraced house|terraced housing]], the new designs included not only modern improvements such as inside [[toilet]]s, but also shops and other community facilities within high-rise blocks.<ref name=intute>{{cite web|url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/hottopics/2006/11/streets-in-the-sky/ |title=Streets in the Sky |publisher=Intute.ac.uk |date=1 November 2006 |access-date=8 August 2010}}</ref> Examples of the buildings and developments are [[Trellick Tower]], [[Balfron Tower]], [[Broadwater Farm]], [[Robin Hood Gardens]] and [[Keeling House]] in London, [[Hunslet Grange]] in [[Leeds]] and [[Park Hill, Sheffield]], and Castlefields and [[Southgate Estate]], [[Runcorn]]. These were an attempt to develop a new architecture, differentiated from earlier large housing estates, such as [[Quarry Hill, Leeds|Quarry Hill flats]] in Leeds.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/image_galleries/image_gallery_quarry_hill_gallery.shtml Quarry Hill] at BBC Online</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm/frm/42007/sec_id/42007 |title=Social Engineering Through Architectural Change |publisher=Newenglishreview.org |access-date=8 August 2010}}</ref> [[Alison and Peter Smithson]] were the architects of [[Robin Hood Gardens]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://designmuseum.org/design/alison-peter-smithson |title=Alison and Peter Smithson, Design Museum |publisher=Designmuseum.org |access-date=8 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124011148/http://designmuseum.org/design/alison-peter-smithson |archive-date=24 November 2010}}</ref> As another large example, in 2005 it was decided to carry out a 20-year process of demolition and replacement of dwellings with modern houses in the [[Aylesbury Estate]] in south London, built in 1970.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Martin |title=Demolition of the Aylesbury Estate: a new dawn for Hell's waiting room? |website=The Times / The Sunday Times |date=20 October 2008 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/demolition-of-the-aylesbury-estate-a-new-dawn-for-hells-waiting-room-jglhxhw396s |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aylesburytenantsfirst.org.uk/ |title=Aylesbury Tenants First |publisher=Aylesbury Tenants First |access-date=8 August 2010}}</ref> The [[Hulme Crescents]] in [[Manchester]] were the largest social housing scheme in Europe when built in 1972 but lasted just 22 years. The Crescents had one of the worst reputations of any British social housing schemes and were marred by numerous design and practical problems.<ref name="parkinson">Parkinson-Bailey, p.195</ref>

The ideal of Streets in the Sky often did not work in practice. Unlike an actual city street, these walkways were not thoroughfares, and often came to a dead end multiple storeys above the ground. They lacked a regular flow of passers-by, and the walkways and especially the stairwells could not be seen by anyone elsewhere, so there was no deterrent to crime and disorder. There were no "eyes on the street" as advocated by [[Jane Jacobs]] in her book ''[[The Death and Life of Great American Cities]]''. The [[Unité d'Habitation]] in [[Marseille]] provides a more successful example of the concept, with the fifth floor walkway including a shop and café.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.academyofurbanism.org.uk/streets-in-the-sky-the-urban-idiot/ | title=Streets in the sky|author=The Urban Idiot|date=17 January 2018|publisher=Academy of Urbanism}}</ref>