Editing Traffic contract (section)

=== Constant Bit Rate (CBR) ===

The CBR service category is used for connections that transport traffic at a constant bit rate, where there is an inherent reliance on time synchronisation between the traffic source and destination. CBR is tailored for any type of data for which the end-systems require predictable response time and a static amount of bandwidth continuously available for the life-time of the connection.<ref name="DeliverQoS" /><ref name="CongestionControl">Congestion Control and Traffic Management in ATM Networks, Invited submission to Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Vol 28 (1996), 1723-1738, Raj Jain, {{cite web |url=http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/papers/ftp/cnis/index.html |title=Congestion Control and Traffic Management in ATM Networks |accessdate=2005-03-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040619200707/http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/papers/ftp/cnis/index.html |archivedate=19 June 2004 |df=dmy-all }}, Last accessed 7 March 2005.</ref> The amount of bandwidth is characterized by a Peak Cell Rate (PCR). These applications include services such as video conferencing, telephony (voice services) or any type of on-demand service, such as interactive voice and audio. For telephony and native voice applications CBR provides low-latency traffic with predictable delivery characteristics, and is therefore typically used for circuit emulation.<ref name="DeliverQoS" /><ref name="ATMTrafficControl">ATM Traffic Control, Mark Juliano, http://www.byte.com/art/9412/sec10/art5.htm, Last accessed 3 March 2005.</ref>