Editing Transocean (section)

===Accidents and incidents===
Transocean was rated as a leader in its industry for many years. However, since the company's 2007 [[merger]] with GlobalSantaFe, Transocean's reputation has suffered considerably, according to EnergyPoint Research, an independent oil service industry rating firm. From 2004 to 2007, Transocean was the leader or near the top among deep-water drillers in "job quality" and "overall satisfaction." In 2008 and 2009, surveys ranked Transocean as last among deep-water drillers for "job quality" and next to last in "overall satisfaction." In 2008 and 2009, Transocean ranked first for in-house safety and environmental policies, and in the middle of the pack for perceived environmental and safety record.<ref>{{cite news | title=Rig owner had rising tally of accidents | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704307804575234471807539054?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLETopStories | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=10 May 2010 | access-date=30 May 2010 | first=Ben | last=Casselman | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110161019/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704307804575234471807539054.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLETopStories | archive-date=10 November 2012 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> The ''Deepwater Horizon'' explosion and massive [[oil spill]], starting in April 2010, further hurt its reputation. "Transocean is dominant, but the accident has definitely tarnished its reputation for worker safety and for being able to manage and deliver on extraordinarily complex deepwater projects," said Christopher Ruppel, an energy expert and managing director of capital markets at Execution Noble, an [[investment bank]].<ref name=zeller>{{cite news | first1=Tom | last1=Zeller | first2=Clifford | last2=Krauss | title=Transocean Finds itself caught in the spotlight | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/business/energy-environment/25transocean.html | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=25 May 2010 | page=B1  | access-date=30 May 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413054816/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/business/energy-environment/25transocean.html | archive-date=13 April 2013 }}</ref>

====''Transocean Leader'' accident (2002)====
On 2 March 2002, a Scottish man was killed in an accident aboard the ''Transocean Leader'' drilling rig operated for [[BP]], located about 138 kilometers (86 miles) west of [[Shetland]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite news | title=Man killed in oil rig accident | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/1851964.stm | work=BBC News | date=3 March 2002 | access-date=28 May 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040220112002/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/1851964.stm | archive-date=20 February 2004 }}</ref>

====Galveston Bay explosion (2003)====
On 17 June 2003, one worker was killed, four others were hospitalised and 21 were evacuated after an explosion on a Transocean gas drilling rig in [[Galveston Bay, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Transocean rig fire kills employees | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2003/06/16/daily18.html | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=18 June 2003| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026145426/http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2003/06/16/daily18.html | archive-date=26 October 2012 }}</ref>

====Maintenance citation on ''Transocean Rather'' (2005)====
On 24 August 2005, the [[UK Health and Safety Executive]] issued a notice to Transocean saying that, it had failed to maintain its "remote blowout preventor control panel … in an efficient state, efficient working order and in good repair."<ref name=hse>{{Citation | author=UK Health and Safety Executive | title=Notice 9990531 served against Transocean Offshore (North Sea) Ltd on 24/08/2005 | date=24 August 2005 | access-date=30 May 2010 | url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/NoticesHistory/notices/Notice_details.asp?SF=CN&SV=9990531| author-link=UK Health and Safety Executive }}</ref>  On 21 November 2005, Transocean was found to be in compliance for this matter.<ref name=hse/>

====Sinking of ''Bourbon Dolphin'' supply boat and ''Transocean Rather'' accident (2007)====
On 12 April 2007, the ''[[Bourbon Dolphin]]'' supply boat sank off the coast of Scotland while servicing the ''Transocean Rather'' drilling rig, killing eight people. The [[Norwegian Ministry of Justice]] established a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the incident, and the commission's report found a series of "unfortunate circumstances" led to the accident "with many of them linked to Bourbon Offshore and Transocean."<ref>{{cite press release | publisher=Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Justis- og politidepartementet) | title=Report on the loss of the 'Bourbon Dolphin' | date=28 March 2008 | url=http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/jd/press-center/pressemeldinger/2008/report-on-the-loss-of-the-bourbon-dolphi.html?id=505100 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305144202/http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/jd/press-center/pressemeldinger/2008/report-on-the-loss-of-the-bourbon-dolphi.html?id=505100 | archive-date=5 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Commission report says no single factor led to Bourbon Dolphin tragedy | url=http://www.oilpubs.com/oso/article.asp?v1=7276 | work=Offshore shipping Online | date=28 March 2008 | access-date=30 May 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227004917/http://www.oilpubs.com/oso/article.asp?v1=7276 | archive-date=27 February 2012 }}</ref>

====2008 fatalities====
In 2008, two Transocean workers were reportedly killed on the company's vessels.<ref>{{cite news | first1=Rebecca |last1=Smith | first2=Ben |last2=Casselman | title=Rig owner under scrutiny | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703969204575220552092667436 | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal | date=3 May 2010 | access-date=30 May 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091749/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703969204575220552092667436.html | archive-date=3 June 2013 }}{{subscription required}}</ref>

====''Deepwater Horizon'' drilling rig explosion (2010)====
{{main|Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion}}
On 20 April 2010, a fire was reported on a Transocean-owned [[semisubmersible]] [[Oil platform|drilling rig]], ''[[Deepwater Horizon]]''. ''Deepwater Horizon'' was a RBS8D design of Reading & Bates Falcon, a firm that was acquired by Transocean in 2001. The fire broke out at 10:00&nbsp;p.m. CDT [[Central Time Zone (Americas)|UTC−5]] in US waters of Mississippi Canyon Block 252 in the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The rig was {{convert|41|mi|km|abbr=on}} off the [[Louisiana]] coast. The [[US Coast Guard]] launched a rescue operation after the explosion which killed 11 workers and critically injured seven of the 126-member crew.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/04/21/oil.rig.explosion/index.html?hpt=T1 | title=At least 11 missing after blast on oil rig in Gulf | publisher=CNN | date=21 April 2010 | access-date=21 April 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108040102/http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/04/21/oil.rig.explosion/index.html?hpt=T1 | archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=Transocean Ltd. Reports Fire on Semisubmersible Drilling Rig Deepwater Horizon | publisher=Transocean Ltd | date=21 April 2010  | url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=113031&p=irol-newsArticle_print&ID=1415487 | access-date=21 April 2010}}</ref>

''Deepwater Horizon'' was completely destroyed and subsequently sank.

As the ''Deepwater Horizon'' sank, the riser pipe that connected the well-head to the rig was severed. As a result, oil began to spill into the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. Estimates of the leak were about 80,000 barrels per day – for 87 days.

Louisiana Governor [[Bobby Jindal]] declared a state of emergency on 29 April, as the oil slick grew and headed toward the most important and most sensitive wetlands in North America, threatening to destroy wildlife and the livelihood of thousands of fishermen. The head of BP Group told [[CNN]]'s Brian Todd on 28 April that the accident could have been prevented and focused blame on Transocean, which owned and partly manned the rig.<ref>{{cite news | publisher=[[CNN]] | url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/04/29/louisiana.oil.rig | title=Oil slick just a few miles from Louisiana coast | date=29 April 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108040125/http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/04/29/louisiana.oil.rig/ | archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref>

Transocean came under fire from lawyers, representing the fishing and tourism businesses that were hit by the oil spill, and the [[United States Department of Justice]] for seeking to use a [[Limitation of Liability Act of 1851]] to restrict its liability for economic damages to $26.7 million.<ref>{{cite news | last=Sherwell | first=Philip |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/7806200/Gulf-of-Mexico-oil-spill-Transocean-silent-as-BP-bears-the-brunt-of-anger.html | title=Gulf of Mexico oil spill: Transocean silent as BP bears the brunt of anger |work=The Daily Telegraph | date=5 June 2010 | access-date=31 July 2010 | location=London | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302093827/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/7806200/Gulf-of-Mexico-oil-spill-Transocean-silent-as-BP-bears-the-brunt-of-anger.html | archive-date=2 March 2013}}</ref>

During Congressional testimony, Transocean and BP blamed each other for the disaster. It emerged that a "heated argument" broke out on the platform 11&nbsp;hours before the accident, in which Transocean and BP personnel disagreed on an engineering decision related to the closing of the well.<ref>{{cite news | first=Miguel |last=Bustillo | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704717004575268302434395796 | title=Big Spat on Rig Preceded Explosion | newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=27 May 2010 | access-date=21 July 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109064144/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704717004575268302434395796.html | archive-date=9 January 2013 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> On 14 May 2010, US President [[Barack Obama]] commented, "I did not appreciate what I considered to be a ridiculous spectacle… executives of BP and Transocean and [[Halliburton]] [the firm responsible for cementing the well] falling over each other to point the finger of blame at somebody else. The American people could not have been impressed with that display, and I certainly wasn't."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2010/05/16/obama-condemns-"finger-of-blame"-over-oil-spill/ | first=Kay | last=Murchie | date=16 May 2010 | title=Obama condemns 'finger of blame' over oil spill | publisher=Oil Marketer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515001349/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2010/05/16/obama-condemns-%E2%80%9Cfinger-of-blame%E2%80%9C-over-oil-spill/ | archive-date=15 May 2014 | access-date=29 September 2015 }}</ref>

Transocean later claimed that 2010, the year in which the disaster occurred, was "the best year in safety performance in our company’s history". In a regulatory filing, Transocean said, "Notwithstanding the tragic loss of life in the Gulf of Mexico, we achieved an exemplary statistical safety record as measured by our total recordable incident rate and total potential severity rate."  They used this justification to award employees about two-thirds of the maximum possible safety bonuses.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2b81ec4-5cca-11e0-ab7c-00144feab49a.html?ftcamp=rss#axzz1ITuJKEjF | title=Transocean awards bonuses 'for safety' in 2010 | access-date=3 April 2011 | last=McNulty | first=Sheila | date=2 April 2011 | work=[[Financial Times]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828142026/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2b81ec4-5cca-11e0-ab7c-00144feab49a.html?ftcamp=rss | archive-date=28 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/2011/04/03/2011-04-03_transocean_executives_get_bonuses_despite_massive_gulf_spill_company_lauds_best_.html?r=news/national | title=Transocean executives get bonuses, despite massive Gulf spill; company lauds 'best year in safety' | access-date=3 April 2011 | last=Caulfield | first=Philip | date=3 April 2011 | work=[[New York Daily News]] | location=New York}}</ref> In response to broad criticism, including from Interior Secretary [[Ken Salazar]], the company announced that its executives would donate the safety portion of the bonuses to a fund supporting the victims' families.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-05/transocean-to-donate-safety-bonus-awards-after-criticism-1-.html | title=Transocean to Donate Safety Bonus Awards After Criticism | access-date=8 April 2011 | last=Carroll | first=Joe | date=5 April 2011 | newspaper=[[Bloomberg News]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105032728/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-05/transocean-to-donate-safety-bonus-awards-after-criticism-1-.html | archive-date=5 November 2012 }}</ref>

====Offshore drilling leak off the Brazilian coast (2011)====
The offshore drilling facility "Sedco 706", operated by Transocean under contract from [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]], began to leak in November 2011 while working on the "Frade" oil field.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/brazil-chevron-needs-to-indemnify-transocean-for-frade-spill-claims/|title=Brazil: Chevron Needs to Indemnify Transocean for Frade Spill Claims?|website=Offshore Technology|date=26 December 2011}}</ref> Oil began leaking from the seabed at a depth of approximately 1100 to 1200m. Damage included an oil slick (oil floating on the ocean surface) covering an area of approximately 80&nbsp;km2 and growing. This put the oil at a distance of about 370&nbsp;km from Rio de Janeiro, but other beautiful beaches are much closer (estimated 140&nbsp;km). The Brazilian government sued Transocean and attempted to force the company to cease operations in Brazil, but a settlement was reached without a finding of fault or liability.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Industry/2013/09/18/Transocean-cleared-in-Brazilian-oil-spill-case/92971379507769/ | title=Transocean cleared in Brazilian oil spill case | publisher=[[United Press International]] | date=18 September 2013}}</ref>

====''Transocean Winner'' grounding on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland (2016)====
In the early hours of Monday 8 August 2016, the [[Semi-submersible|semi-submersible drilling rig]] ''Transocean Winner'' ran aground near [[Dail Mòr|Dalmore]] in the Carloway district of the [[Isle of Lewis]] in the [[Outer Hebrides]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Drilling rig blown ashore in storms off Western Isles|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-37007656|access-date=17 August 2016|work=BBC News|date=8 August 2016}}</ref> The rig had been under tow by the tug [http://www.alpmaritime.com/fleet/218-mt-alp-forward Alp Forward] in winds of galeforce, when the tow line broke. The rig subsequently drifted ashore at Dalmore and became stuck fast on rocks at 07.30 BST. Continuing poor weather meant that a damage inspection by salvors has been practically impossible, as personnel require to be airlifted on to the rig, in spite of it being close to the shore.<ref>{{cite news|title=Full assessment of Transocean Winner still to be made|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-37057507|access-date=17 August 2016|work=BBC News|date=12 August 2016}}</ref> The rig was carrying approximately 280 tons of diesel, to power its generators, of which 53 tons is thought to have leaked into the sea, and dispersed or evaporated in rough conditions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Diesel oil leak from grounded rig Transocean Winner|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-37038714|access-date=17 August 2016|work=BBC News|date=10 August 2016}}</ref> Environmental monitoring of plant and animal life is on-going, particularly in view of the economically important fish farming operations in nearby [[Loch Ròg]].